Democracy: Origins, Evolution, and Modern Principles
The word democracy comes from the Greek definition: governance (demos) and people (kratos), meaning power. In a democratic society, we are governed by elected representatives, not by all selected officials. Some argue that public authorities have too much power and should be directed by the rules of democracy, with limited rule. The legitimacy of political order rests on democracy, originating in 6th century BC Greece. At that time, the government was accessible to all citizens of Athens. However,
Read MoreMarxist Class Division and Ideology Analysis
Marxist Perspectives on Class Division and Ideology
Marxists believe that capitalist society is divided into social classes, primarily focusing on two:
1. The Working Class or Proletariat
Marx defined this class as “individuals who sell their labor and have no means of production.” He considered them responsible for creating society’s wealth (e.g., buildings, bridges, furniture, and services). The proletariat can be further divided into:
- Ordinary Proletariat: Those who are regularly employed.
- Lumpenproletariat:
Understanding Parody, Victorian Era, Detective & Gothic Fiction
Parody
Parody: the burlesque imitation of a work or style of a writer. Throughout the text, one should recognize parodiante (Quixote) and parodied text (books of chivalry). There are two types:
- Parody Series: Imitates but to criticize.
- Burlesque Parody: Seeks to generate criticism of the imitation through humor.
Parodic Elements
- Personality: The description of Quixote was totally opposite of the true gentlemen. His squire, far from being well-educated as in the books, cared more for the material and
Economic Alienation and Dialectic in Marxist Thought
Economic Alienation
Economic Alienation, the primary form of alienation, is dependent on other forms. It occurs in the workplace and refers to the fact that in this activity, the subject’s product is plundered—the fruits of their labor, their activity, and ultimately, their terms. Marx denies that there is no human nature; he believes it is limited to basic functions, such as those related to biological needs. All other features found in humans are a consequence of the social order. Man is what
Read MoreUnderstanding Economic Crime and Its Variables
Standards of White-Collar Crime
- It is forwarded to rules.
- Extrapenal lagoons.
- Criminal (administrative breaches).
- Impunity for corruption in the private sector, for example.
Derisive Penalties
Rarely are they imprisoned; rather, disqualification or a fine is imposed.
Impunity in Multinational Markets
Distorting international agreements or concerted practices. It seems correct, then, the inclusion of Article 445 on crimes of bribery in international business transactions.
Theories of Economic Crime
Differential
Read MoreSocial Policy Adaptation: Globalization and Welfare
Ultimately, states are naturally discouraged by social policies that respond to a series of dynamic social changes in relation to social services. From this perspective, several analysts have raised the disconnect between public social protection policies and new social demands. The main challenge now for the EB is to adapt to the changing environment, while it is still valid to assume that the ‘type of work and family order that reigned in the golden age of our parents and grandparents’. This model
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