Literary Figures and Movements: A Historical Overview
Petrarch and the Lyric Song
The Songbook comprises 366 pieces (317 sonnets, 29 songs, 9 sextinas, 7 ballads, and 4 madrigals). Traditionally divided into two parts—before and after Madonna Laura’s death—this division stems from editors, not Petrarch himself. The prologue, a sonnet, presents the work as the fruit of youthful error, seeking the reader’s forgiveness. It concludes with the theme of vanitas vanitas. Throughout, Petrarch masterfully composes love poetry themes. In the latter part,
Read MoreEnglish Vocabulary and Grammar Guide
Vocabulary and Grammar Guide
Vocabulary
Common Words
Acquaintance: conocido, Clue: pista, Disorder: trastorno, Injury: lesión, Suit: traje
Cope with: enfrentarse con, Pretend: fingir, Realize: darse cuenta de, Remind: recordar, Reply: responder, Share: cuota
Look away: apartar la mirada, Look through: ignorar, Look up: buscar, Run after: perseguir, Run into: encontrarse por casualidad, Run off with: robar
Descriptive Adjectives
Bossy: mandón, Calm: calmado, Chubby: regordete, Confident: seguro, Considerate:
Read MoreEnglish Grammar Guide: Tenses, Conditionals, and Conjunctions
English Grammar Guide
Reported Speech
That can be used or omitted after the main verb:
- He said he wasn’t going.
- He said that he wasn’t going.
Changes in Reported Speech:
- tomorrow → the next day / the following day
- yesterday → the day before
- here → there
- this / that → the
- this morning → that morning
- today → that day
- tonight → that night
- next / on Tuesday → the following Tuesday
- last Tuesday → the previous Tuesday
- the day after tomorrow → in two days’ time
- ago → before / previously
Personal pronouns,
Read MoreEnglish Grammar: Passive and Causative Structures
Common English Word Roots
resent – resentment – resentful
manage – manager/management – managerial
differ – difference – different
qualify – qualification – unqualified
advance – advancement – advanced
rely – reliability – unreliable
Passive Voice (subject + to be + past participle)
Examples with Two Objects
→ They gave Mary some bad news = Le dieron (malas noticias) (a María)
Some bad news were given to Mary = A María le dieron malas noticias
Mary was given some bad news = María recibió malas noticias
Special
Read MoreMarketing and Sales Management: A Comprehensive Guide
T 1: Marketing and Sales Management
Understanding and Satisfying the Customer
The primary premise of marketing is to “understand” consumers, the environment, and competitors to “attend” to their needs with the best products/services. Philip Kotler summarizes this idea: “The goal of selling is to meet a customer need; the goal of marketing is to identify and meet that need profitably.”
Marketing Process
Identify needs → I. target → win clients/leads → Build loyalty (cust, faithfull) → Customer
Read MoreConceptos Fundamentales de Cálculo en Varias Variables
Límite de una Función en un Punto
Se dice que l ∈ Rq es el límite de f en el punto a y lo denotaremos lim x->a f(x) = l, si ∀ε>0, ∃δ>0 tal que x existe en B*(a, δ)∩C -> f(x) ∈ B(l, ε)
Función Definida en un Abierto
F es de clase Cr en C si: f tiene sus pr derivadas parciales de orden r (r≥1) en C y éstas son continuas en C. Se dice que f es de clase Cr en a ∈ C si es de clase Cr-1 en un entorno de a, tiene sus pr derivadas parciales en orden r (r≥1) en un entorno
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