English Grammar Guide: Tenses, Clauses, and More
English Grammar Guide
Tenses
| Tense | Form | Uses |
|---|---|---|
| Present Simple | • S + V • S + don’t/doesn’t + V • Do/does + S + V? | • Facts and states. • Habits and repeated actions. • Static verbs. • Scheduled future events. |
| Present Continuous | • S + am/is/are + Ving • S + am not/isn’t/aren’t + Ving • Am/Is/Are + S + Ving? | • Actions in progress at the moment. • Temporary situations. • Plans or events planned for the future. |
| Present Perfect Simple | • S + has/have + V3 • S + hasn’t/haven’t + V3 • Has/ |
Travel Guide: Tips and Information for Your Next Trip
Weather and Best Times to Travel
Popular Destinations
Chicago in May: What’s the weather like?
Moscow: July and August are the warmest months, making them the best time to visit.
California: A popular vacation destination, especially San Diego, which has gained popularity among British tourists.
Spain: Toledo, the former capital of a Spanish empire, is a must-see town with numerous historical monuments, castles, and fortresses.
Environmental Concerns
Environmental activists caution against overreliance
Read MoreNonfiction Text Features and Reading Strategies
1. Bold Print
Darker writing that helps the reader identify important words.
2. Glossary
A mini-dictionary found in the back of nonfiction books or articles.
3. Photograph
Helps the reader understand exactly what something looks like.
4. Table of Contents
Helps the reader find key topics in the nonfiction book they are reading.
5. Nonfiction
The genre of text about real people, animals, places, or things.
6. Caption
Gives the reader more information about the picture or photograph.
7. Index
An alphabetical list
Read MoreEnglish Grammar Guide
Present Simple
| Subject | Conjugation |
|---|---|
| I, You, We, They | talk, eat, learn, watch, do, go… |
| He, She, It | talks, eats, learns, watches, does, goes… |
Present Continuous
| Subject | Auxiliary (to be) | Gerund |
|---|---|---|
| I | am | talking, eating, learning, doing, going… |
| He, She, It | is | talking, eating, learning, doing, going… |
| You, We, They | are | talking, eating, learning, doing, going… |
Have to
| Long Form | Short Form | Long Form | Short Form | Short Form |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| I did not have | I didn’t have | I had not | I hadn’t | I’d not |
| You did not have | You didn’t have | You had not | You hadn’t | You’ |
English Grammar Guide: Adverbs, Modals, Tenses, and Causative Verbs
Adverbs of Manner
Adverbs of manner answer the question “how?” and describe the way an action happens. Examples:
- aloud
- badly
- carefully
- quickly
- happily
Adverbs of Opinion and Observation
These adverbs express the speaker’s viewpoint or observation about an action. Examples:
- Actually
- Basically
- Bravely
- Carelessly
- Clearly
- Credibly
- Effectively
- Foolishly
- Fortunately
- Generously
- Kindly
- Logically
- Luckily
- Naturally
- Personally
- Pleasantly
- Practically
- Presumably
- Rudely
- Seriously
- Surely
- Technically
- Theoretically
Modal Verbs
Modal verbs express
Read MoreEnglish Grammar and Writing Guide
Phrasal Verbs
Be through: To finish, to end.
Go on: To continue.
Fill in: To complete (a form).
Take off: To depart (airplane).
Stay out: To go out, to spend the night away.
Speak up: To talk louder.
Go off: To leave, to ring (alarm).
Put off: To delay, to postpone.
See off: To say goodbye, to run towards someone.
Take off: To remove clothing.
Turn off: To switch off.
Carry on: To continue.
Get on: To have a good relationship with someone.
Hold on: To endure, to resist, to wait.
Put on: To wear something.
Try on:
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