Second Language Acquisition Theories and Models

The Monitor Hypothesis

Before learners produce an utterance, they internally scan it for errors and use their learned system to make corrections. Self-correction occurs when learners use the Monitor to correct a sentence after it is uttered. According to the hypothesis, such self-monitoring and self-correction are the only functions of conscious language learning.

Conditions for Monitor Use:

  • Time
  • Focus on form
  • Knowledge of the rules

Krashen’s Five Hypotheses

1. The Affective Filter Hypothesis

Certain emotions,

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History of Education in Chile: From Colonial Times to Modern Reforms

History of Education in Chile

Early Education (16th-18th Centuries)

The First Schools

In the 16th century, the lack of primary education for children, who primarily worked, led to the birth of the first schools. These were run by parishes, convents, and chapters.

Schools in the Americas

Religious institutions, known as seminaries, novitiates, or convictorios, established the first schools in the Americas. The first school, attached to the cathedral, was led by Juan Blas, a mestizo.

Juan Blas

Juan Blas,

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Expository Texts and Science Fiction: A Guide

I. Expository Texts

Definition

Expository texts are a form of communication that aims to inform and explain a specific topic to the reader or listener. They present factual information objectively and neutrally.

Purpose

The primary purpose of expository texts is to inform. This aligns with the referential function of language, which focuses on conveying information.

Expository texts can also be considered explanatory texts as they serve both informative and educational purposes. They answer the questions

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Oral & Written Communication: A Comprehensive Guide

Unit 5: Oral Communication

Language Choice

When communicating, we choose between written and spoken language. These are two codes with different functions, typically used in different situations, despite sharing some linguistic elements.

Differences Between Oral and Written Language

The differences are:

  • Contextual: Stemming from the communication situation.
  • Textual: Resulting from the contextual differences and relating to the language itself.

Oral Language

  • Contextual: Auditory channel, spontaneous, immediate
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The Constructivist Teacher: A Mediating Role in Educational Intervention

Chapter 1. The Mediating Role of the Teacher and Educational Intervention

1. Characteristics of a Constructivist Teacher

A constructivist teacher acts as a mediator between knowledge and student learning. They are a reflective practitioner, willing to change, and promote meaningful learning. They provide teaching assistance adjusted to diverse needs, setting goals of student autonomy and self-direction.

2. Teacher Training Plans

Teacher training plans encompass conceptual, thoughtful, and practical

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Discourse Analysis: Cohesion, Coherence, and Conversation

Discourse Analysis

The word discourse is usually defined as language beyond the sentence, and the analysis of discourse is typically concerned with the study of language in text and conversation.

Interpreting Discourse

When we concentrate on the description of a particular language, we are normally concerned with the accurate representation of the forms and structures of that language. However, when we look at language in use, we are necessarily dealing with what is called cohesion.

Cohesion

Texts must

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