Cloud Computing, Web 2.0, and Inter-Process Communication
Cloud Computing Fundamentals
Cloud computing is a technology that allows users to store, manage, and process data over the internet instead of using local computers or physical servers.
Key Features of Cloud Computing
- Provides on-demand access to computing resources.
- Reduces the need for expensive hardware.
- Users pay only for what they use (pay-as-you-go).
- Data can be accessed from anywhere with internet connectivity.
Types of Cloud Services
- IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service): Virtual machines, storage.
Essential Concepts in Database Management, E-Commerce, and BI
Database Management Systems
DBMS Software Components
A Database Management System (DBMS) contains five important software components. One of these is the: Data Definition Subsystem.
Primary and Foreign Keys
Every primary key can also be used as a: Foreign Key (when referencing another table).
Storing Facts About Information (Metadata)
If you needed to store facts about the information you were collecting, you would use a: Data Dictionary.
Unique Identification Field
If your phone number was used in a clothing
Korn Shell Scripting, Linux Features, and Editor Basics
Korn Shell Relational Expressions
In Korn shell (and other Bourne-like shells), relational expressions are typically evaluated inside the [[ ... ]] (conditional) construct or using the test (or [) command. The operators use mnemonics for numerical comparison.
1. Numerical Comparisons in Korn Shell
(a) c ≥ d
To check if the numerical value of variable c is greater than or equal to the numerical value of variable d:
[[ $c -ge $d ]]The -ge operator stands for “greater than or equal to”.
(b) c < d
To
Read MoreHybrid Hash-Join Performance Optimization in Database Systems
Hybrid Hash-Join: Conceptual Explanation
Hybrid Hash-Join is an improved version of the standard Hash-Join algorithm that reduces disk I/O by using memory more efficiently during the join operation. It is particularly useful when:
- The build relation is larger than memory.
- Memory is still large enough to hold one or more partitions fully.
Why Use Hybrid Hash-Join?
In a normal Hash-Join:
- All partitions of the build relation are written to disk first.
- They are then read again for probing.
Hybrid Hash-Join
Read MoreFundamentals of DBMS and Database Concepts
Data, Information, Knowledge
Data – a fact that can be recorded or stored, e.g., person name, age, gender, weight, etc. Information – when data is processed, organized, structured, or presented in a given context so as to make it useful, it is called information. Knowledge – it is the appropriate collection of information.
DBMS (Database Management System)
DBMS = Database + Set of programs.
- Database – a collection of logically related data; e.g., books database in a library, student database in a university.
Essential Concepts in Information Technology and Digital Business
Core IT Fundamentals
Triple Convergence in IT
Content, devices, and sectors.
Information System Functions
- Obtain
- Process
- Store
- Distribute
Network Protocols and Addressing
Key Network Protocols Explained
- How to connect different devices? IP Protocol
- How to manage the exchange of information? TCP Protocol
- How to provide services? TCP/IP Protocol
- How to surf the Net? HTTP, HTML, etc.
IP Address Functions
IP addresses serve two principal functions:
- Host or network interface identification
- Location addressing