Understanding Hydraulic Circuits & Components
Hydraulic Circuitry
Hydraulic circuits control the movement of a contained liquid.
Hydraulic Diagrams
Hydraulic diagrams explain, demonstrate, or clarify the relationship or functions between hydraulic components. They are used to illustrate how a system develops.
Hydraulic Circuit Components
Hydraulic circuit components are used in a wide range of combinations for different applications. The hydraulic circuit application, complexity, and power requirements dictate the type and number of components used.
Read MoreUnderstanding Electrical Current Generation, Transport, and Circuitry
Electrical Current Generation and Transport
Generation and Transport of Electric Current: Alternators and dynamos transform mechanical energy into electrical energy. Alternators generate alternating current, while dynamos generate direct current.
Electric Current Transport: Transporting electricity requires conductors, which offer some resistance to the passage of electric current. This resistance causes energy loss as heat due to the Joule effect. To reduce losses, the current intensity is reduced
Read MoreAutoCAD Commands and File Formats
RESVISTA
Controls the accuracy of circles, arcs, splines, and ellipses on the screen.
PLINEGEN
Determines how a dashed line type is applied to a polyline.
Formats
- SV$: Auto-save file extension (temporary files).
- DWT: Template files.
- DWG: Drawing files.
- DXF: Drawing files (for compatibility).
- LOG: Command history (F2).
- BAK: Backup files.
- SHX: Shapefile source.
- TTF: TrueType fonts.
- RTF: Rich Text Format. Text exchange, higher quality than TXT, readable by any word processor.
SAVEFILEPATH
Indicates where automatic
Read MoreMagnetic Permeability, Induction, and Automotive Applications
Magnetic Permeability
Magnetic permeability is the ability of a material to attract and repel lines of force.
- Ferromagnetic Permeability: Its value far exceeds 1. It concentrates lines of force in materials like iron.
- Paramagnetic Permeability: Its permeability is approximately 1 (they behave like a vacuum). Examples include exam paper and plastic.
- Diamagnetic Permeability: Its permeability is less than 1. The material repels the field lines.
Hysteresis
When a ferromagnetic material, upon which a magnetic
Read MoreLawn Mower Mechanics: Functions, Design, and Maintenance
Grass Cutting Mechanism
How is the grass cut?
The grass is cut by the blades.
How is the height of the cut adjusted?
The cut is adjusted by spacers (to adjust blade height).
What is the purpose of the fan?
The purpose of the fan is to suck in air.
How do the cuttings enter the grass box?
The cuttings enter the grass box via the impeller fan.
How is power provided?
Power is provided by a power lead.
How is the motor protected from grass intake?
The motor is protected from grass intake by a grass filter.
What
Read MoreEngine Performance: Theoretical vs. Practical Diagrams & Timing
Engine Performance: Theoretical vs. Practical Diagrams
Key Losses in Actual Motor Operation:
- Cargo pumping and drainage loss
- Gas cylinder pumping work
Theoretical vs. Practical Diagram Differences
In a practical diagram, the admission pressure remains below atmospheric pressure, and the pump exhaust exceeds the theoretical. Negative work load occurs in the cylinder.
Losses in the Cylinder
- Incomplete cylinder filling results in compression pressure lower than theoretical.
- Heat loss to the cooling circuit.