Electric Cable and Radiant Heater Installation Guide

1. Purpose and Scope

This instruction applies to installations of electric cables and radiant heater folios with voltages of 300/500 V, embedded in floors and roof slabs. The UNE 21,155 -1 standard indicates the types of heating cables that can be used. Both these folios and radiant heaters must conform to the requirements of the directives stated in Article 6 of the Low Voltage Electrical Regulation.

2. Limitations of Use

These facilities should not be installed within bathroom ban volumes, and cold

Read More

Mechanical Elements: Motion Transformers and Bonding Systems

Mechanical Elements: Motion Transformers

A. Rack and Pinion

A rack and pinion system consists of a circular gear (pinion) meshing with a linear gear (rack). Depending on which component is the driver and whether they are fixed or mobile, we have several applications:

  • Pinion rotates, rack fixed: The pinion translates along the rack. Example: Lathes.
  • Rack moves, pinion fixed: The pinion rotates. Example: Former mechanical calculators.
  • Pinion rotates and translates: The rack moves. Example: Automobile
Read More

Air Network Conductors and Mechanical Calculations

Drivers

Drivers in Air Networks

The drivers used in air networks will be copper, aluminum, or other materials or alloys with appropriate electrical and mechanical properties and will preferably be insulated.

Insulated Conductors

The insulated conductors shall be rated for not less than 0.6 / 1 kV. The minimum allowable aluminum conductor size is 16 mm2, and for copper, it is 10 mm2.

Conductors

Bare conductors are resistant to weathering. Their minimum breaking load will be considered as 410 daN. Bare

Read More

Electrical Installation for Cranes and Lifting Equipment

1. Scope

This instruction addresses the particular requirements of electrical installation systems for cranes, lifting equipment, transport, and other similar equipment such as escalators, conveyors, bridge trailers, winches, scaffolds, etc.

2. General Requirements

The entire electrical installation can be deactivated by a manually controlled general pole switch located on the main circuit. This switch must be readily accessible from the ground, located in the same room or enclosure as the electrical

Read More

Database Design Fundamentals

Schema Architecture

External Level

Each external view displays only the data relevant to a specific end-user, hiding unnecessary information. Examples: (External View 1), (External View 2).

Conceptual Level

This level describes the overall structure of the database, typically using a relational model where data is stored in tables (Conceptual Schema).

Internal Level

The internal level details the physical data storage, including indexes used for data retrieval (Internal Schema).

Data Independence

Logical

Read More

Engine Installation Requirements According to European Directives

1. Purpose and Scope

This instruction defines engine installation requirements using portable professional tools receptors. All installations must meet the requirements of applicable European Directives as provided in Article 6 of the Low Voltage Electrotechnical Regulations.

2. General Installation Conditions

Engine installations must comply with UNE 20,460 and the specifications of the installation location. Engines must be installed to prevent accidents from contact with moving parts. They should

Read More