Hydropower Systems: Construction, Turbines, and Energy Generation
Hydropower System Construction
1. Dam
A dam is built to raise the water level of a river, creating a falling water system. The reservoir stores energy in the form of potential energy. Key considerations include the dam’s ability to withstand water pressure and the use of impermeable construction materials.
2. Spillways
Spillways are designed to cope with large floods, providing pathways for floodwater to flow around the dam and prevent breaches.
Diversion or Run-of-River Systems
Run-of-river plants derive
Read MoreItalian Renaissance & Baroque Architecture: Key Features
Italian Renaissance & Baroque Architecture
Schema H, restating the main front and back and turning it into a palace opened. Leaving half of the building and the main facade retranquecida by the side sections that become the main frame and an open porch that will be the main facade with 7 arches in the foreground, 5 arc second and 3 arc back: funnel system, the architect will make us move through the main shaft and forces us to reach the central hall. Dynamic Steering axles.
Precedents of this
Read MoreOtto vs. Diesel Engines: Understanding Internal Combustion
Otto Engine: Principles and Operation
Otto engines are internal combustion engines that use a mixture of gasoline and air. They feature an electric ignition system and intake and exhaust valves controlled by a distribution system. The Otto cycle consists of four strokes:
- Ignition: At the end of the compression cycle, the air-fuel mixture is ignited by a spark plug.
Otto Engine Components
The Otto engine consists of:
- A reciprocating piston
- A connecting rod
- A crankshaft
The piston moves within the cylinder
Read MoreTomographic Reconstruction Algorithms: Backprojection, DFR, and FBP
Tomographic Reconstruction Algorithms
Backprojection
Load sinogram: load X.mat
Plot the sinogram: imagesc(sinogram)
Determine the value of the constants numOfAngularProjections and numOfParallelProjections. Each one represents the amount of orientations of the X-ray tube (theta) and the number of X-ray detectors (r), respectively. The latter variable (numOfParallelProjections) defines the original size of the image: size(sinogram)
Generate the array thetas that will contain the angular orientations of
Technical Vocabulary: Engineering, Aviation, and Maritime Terms
Technical Vocabulary: Engineering, Aviation, and Maritime
Topic 1
- Drift: To be carried along in an uncontrolled way by currents of air or water.
- Drag: To move slowly or with effort.
- Log: To enter in a record, as of a ship or an aircraft.
- Overboard: From on board a vessel into the water.
- Surveying: Recording the precise positions of natural features and structures, often in order to draw up maps or plans (a survey/a surveyor).
- Geological: Related to the ground/rocks/soil (geology, a geologist).
- Civil Engineering:
Adhesives, Mechanical Restraint, and Material Properties
Adhesives and Mechanical Restraint
Mechanical Restraint
Mechanical restraint involves using different methods to hold materials together mechanically. These methods use separate hardware components, such as clips. Restraint methods are divided into two main classes:
- Those that create a permanent bond (e.g., rivets).
- Those that allow disassembly (e.g., threaded fasteners such as screws, bolts, and nuts).
Mechanical assemblies are preferred over other joining processes for several reasons:
- Manufacturing