External Storage Systems: Types, Structure, and Functionality
External Storage Systems
Definition
External storage systems, also known as peripheral units or devices, facilitate communication between the CPU and the external world. They serve as mass storage systems or auxiliary means capable of storing information permanently and retrieving it automatically.
Structure
External storage systems consist of two main parts:
- Mechanical Part: Composed of electromechanical devices controlled by mechanical elements.
- Electronic Part: Interprets orders from the CPU, handles
Technical Drawing: Essential Tools, Materials, and Techniques
Technical Drawing: Essential Tools, Materials, and Techniques
Instruments
Instruments are composite objects for one or more pieces combined with each other that help when performing a path.
- Ruler: An instrument comprising a scale with graduated numbering (cm or mm). Its use is to draw lines and measure.
- T-Square: An instrument made of two parts (leaf and head). Its function is a horizontal support for other instruments and serves to draw parallel lines.
- Squares: These are triangular instruments used
Electric Circuits and Semiconductor Fundamentals
Fundamentals of Electric Circuits
Fundamentals:
a) Voltage, tension, or DDP – Indicates the energy difference between points in a circuit. They are measured in volts (V).
b) Intensity or Current (I) – Number of electrons flowing through the wire. It is measured in amperes (A).
c) Resistor (R) – The opposition a material offers to current flow. It is measured in ohms (Ω).
Ohm’s Law
Fundamental law of electric circuits: Ohm’s Law
Electric power: the power consumed or dissipated in a given time. It is measured
Read MoreCompressed Air Distribution: Pipes, Actuators, and Valves
Pipes
Pipes are conducts in a compressed air distribution network. Steel or brass pipes should have a slight inclination of 1.5 degrees to provide a slide for steam condensate water and to prevent accumulation at any point. Portable equipment may use plastic or rubber pipes.
Actuators
Actuators store energy by transforming compressed air into mechanical energy. This can be either a straight or swinging motion in cylinders. A constant circular section cylinder tube is closed at either end, inside which
Read MoreResistive Sensors and Arduino: Analog Input, Digital Output
Resistive Sensors
Resistive sensors are variable resistors that change their resistance depending on the values of an external physical magnitude.
Examples:
- LDR (Light Dependent Resistor): Changes resistance in an inversely proportional way to the amount of light it receives.
- Thermistor: Its resistance changes when the temperature changes.
- Potentiometer: The resistance changes when you turn a movable terminal.
When connected as above, using another resistor (a fixed one) in series, the change in resistance
Read MoreVoltage Regulators: History, Function, and Types
What are Voltage Regulators?
Voltage regulators are essential components in electronic circuits, designed to maintain a constant output voltage regardless of fluctuations in the input voltage or load conditions.
Origin of Voltage Regulators
The development of voltage regulators began with the need to simplify the process of delivering a regulated voltage in the shortest time possible. With each advancement, the design became much easier, and energy loss was minimized.
Inventor: Fairchild Semiconductor
Voltage
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