Fiber Optic Cabling and Telecommunications Standards
Fiber Optic Cable Basics
What is the minimum number of strands of fiber in a fiber optic circuit used for networking?
2
What are the five elements that comprise an optical fiber cable?
Core, cladding, buffer, strength material, and outer jacket.
What is the standard core diameter for multimode fiber optic cable?
62.5 microns
What is the purpose of the cladding in fiber optics?
To trap light in the fiber core.
What surrounds the buffer material and prevents the fiber optic cable from stretching when pulled?
Read MoreCloud Computing: Services, Types, and Architecture
Cloud computing is the delivery of computing as a service rather than a product, whereby shared resources, software, and information are provided to computers and other devices as a metered service over a network.
Why Cloud Computing Now?
- Experience with very large data centers: Unprecedented economies of scale and transfer of risk.
- Technology factors: Pervasive broadband Internet and maturity in virtualization technology.
- Business factors: Minimal capital expenditure and a pay-as-you-go billing model.
Fire Safety and Electrical Installations in Operating Rooms
Fire and Explosion Risk Prevention Measures
No rooms should be used with flammable anesthetic gas mixtures or disinfecting agents. Figure 2 shows areas G and F, which should not be considered Class I, Zone 1 and Class I, Zone 2 areas, respectively, as stated in ITC-BT-29. Area F, located beneath the operating table (see Figure 2), may be considered a safe zone from fire or explosion if ventilation of 15 air changes/hour is ensured.
The floors of operating rooms must be anti-electrostatic, and their
Read MoreMaterial Properties, Classification, and Processing
Classification of Materials
Materials can be broadly classified into three categories:
- Natural materials: Those found in nature.
- Artificial materials: Those made from natural materials found in nature but have not undergone prior processing.
- Synthetic materials: Man-made from artificial materials.
Material Properties
Sensory Properties
These properties relate to how a material interacts with our senses. For instance, garments made from natural products are often more pleasant to the touch, while synthetic
Read MoreTelevision and Video Recording Technologies: CRT, LCD, Plasma, VCR, DVD
Television: Cathode-Ray Tube (CRT)
A TV operates through an electronic process that converts electromagnetic waves into a quick sequence of images and sounds that replicate reality. The received signal contains information with different frequencies for color, light, and sound.
Traditional CRT-type TVs have a cathode-ray tube in which the received signal with the antenna creates a three-beam radiation of electrons. These are accelerated by the anode to the screen, covered with phosphorescent substances
Read MoreTypes of Network Cables: Twisted Pair, Coaxial, Fiber Optic
Twisted Pair Cable
Twisted pair cable consists of two conductors, usually copper, each with its own plastic insulation, twisted together. One of the cables carries signals to the receiver, and the other is used as a signal ground reference.
In addition to the signal sent by the sender, interference and noise can affect both cables and create unwanted signals. If the cables are parallel, the effect of these unwanted signals is not the same in both due to their different positions relative to noise
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