Film and Electronic Image Formats: A Comprehensive Guide
Film Formats
Film Width
Different film formats are typically named based on their width, measured in millimeters. Common film formats include:
- Super 8
- 16mm
- 35mm
- 65mm
Note that variations exist within these formats (e.g., Super 35, Super 16). Some formats can also be supplied with varying numbers of perforations. Older standards like 55mm, 9mm, and Single 8 are now obsolete.
Super 8
Available in negative and reversible film, Super 8 comes in cartridges and has been the standard for home movies. It’s still
Read MoreComputer Hardware and Software: Components, Peripherals, and Networks
1. Computer Staff
The operation of all computers follows the same structure: information received through input peripherals is processed in a central unit, and the results are displayed using output peripherals. For a computer to process and store information, it must be encoded and broken down into numerical data. Computers handle data using bits (binary digits), which only support the numeric values 1 and 0. To handle this information, computers use electronic circuits that translate bits into
Read MoreUnderstanding Simple Machines: Mechanisms and Applications
Simple Machines
Mechanisms and Applications
- Which of the following machines can be considered a “complex machine?” Internal combustion engine
- What movement transmission mechanism is used on bicycles to rotate the shaft of the dynamo? Wheel friction
- Of the following arrangements, which item is easiest to raise? Hoist
- Which of the following levers reverses the direction of movement of the resistance to power? First-class lever
- In addition to a support (or frame), what other element is essential for a wheel
Understanding Hard Disk Structure: Physical, Logical, and File Systems
1. Physical Structure
A hard disk case is tightly composed of two non-interchangeable elements:
- Read/Write Head: A set of electronic and mechanical components enabling data storage and retrieval.
- Disk (Platter): A disk array (plates) storing information magnetically. One plate has two magnetic surfaces (top and bottom) composed of millions of magnetized elements representing bits (0 or 1).
Eight contiguous bits form one byte (one character).
1.1. Hard Disk Mechanics
Mechanisms for accessing data on the
Read MoreComprehensive Guide to Marine Equipment and Terminology
Anchor |
Instrument of iron or heavy and strong, in the form of a harpoon or hook. |
Double that, attached to the end of a rope, chain, or cable to the vessel and |
thrown into the water, holding the ship in the background. |
1. Plow anchor. Figure 1-37. |
2. Danforth anchor. Figure 1-35. |
Windlass |
Horizontal axis machine used to weigh chains, which has an |
iron mechanism called chainstopper used to bite and stop |
the chain. Often incorporates drums (Cabirol or warping ends) goes |
charge ends. |
Gypsy |
Part of the windlass |
Overhead Power Line Design: Conductor Sizing, Wind Loads, and Grounding
Overhead Power Line Design
Conductor Sizing and Materials
The minimum allowable conductor sizes are 16 mm2 for aluminum and 10 mm2 for copper. These values apply to bare, insulated conductors rated for voltages less than 0.6/1 kV.
Permanent Loads
Permanent loads include the vertical forces due to the weight of conductors, insulators, clamps, and supports.
Wind Load Considerations
Overload from wind pressure is calculated as follows:
- Conductors: 50 daN/m2
- Flat surfaces: 100 daN/m2
- Cylindrical supports: 70