Refrigeration Systems and Refrigerants: A Comprehensive Guide
1. Refrigerants
1.1 Definition
Refrigerant is a fluid used in heat transfer within a refrigeration system. It absorbs heat at low temperature and pressure.
1.2 Designation of Refrigerants
Refrigerants are identified by their chemical formula, name, or a numerical symbolic name when necessary.
2. Refrigerating Fluids (Secondary Refrigerants)
2.1 Definition
A substance used to extract heat by increasing its sensible heat (e.g., brine).
3. Classification of Locations
3.1 Institutional Locations
These are locations
Read MoreAutomotive Alternator Components and Operation
Automotive Alternator Components
Overview
The automotive alternator consists of the following components:
- Rotor (inductor)
- Stator (armature)
- Bridge rectifier diodes
- Covers, fan, and other complementary elements
Rotor or Inductor
The rotor, the moving part of the alternator, generates the magnetic field that induces current in the stator windings. It consists of a shaft with a magnetic core made of forged steel. The core has interlaced protrusions (poles) that create a magnetic field. An insulated copper
Read MoreC++ Interview Questions and Answers
Ques: 1 can derived clss exception also be caught by the catch block?
Ans:
No
Ques: 2 What Is a B-Tree?
Ans:Read More
The B-tree was invented in 1972 by R. Bayer and E. McCreight, and was designed from the start to create shallow trees for fast disk access. Shallow trees have few �levels�, We have to seek through them fewer times, and therefore they run quickly. Because seeks often require going to disk for the information we need, The performance increase with a shallow tree rather than a deeper
C++ Interview Questions and Answers: A Comprehensive Guide
C++ Interview Questions and Answers
Basic Concepts
Ques: 1 Can derived class exceptions also be caught by the catch block?
Ans:
No
Ques: 2 What Is a B-Tree?
Ans:
The B-tree was invented in 1972 by R. Bayer and E. McCreight and was designed from the start to create shallow trees for fast disk access. Shallow trees have few “levels”. We have to seek through them fewer times, and therefore they run quickly. Because seeks often require going to disk for the information we need, the performance increase
Read MoreSafe Handling of Hand Tools in Maintenance and Educational Settings
1. HAND TOOLS
The manipulation of common hand tools like hammers, screwdrivers, pliers, clamps, and various keys is common practice in maintenance workshops and laboratories and classrooms of educational practices, such as the Faculty of Fine Arts, because many of the operations performed in such places can only be done manually.
Although at first glance, such tools can seem a bit dangerous when used improperly to cause significant injury (wounds and bruises, mainly) that on an occasional basis are
Read MoreOperator Overloading in C++: A Comprehensive Guide
Chapter 14: Operator Overloading in C++
Chapter Objectives
After completing this chapter, you should be able to:
- Understand the concept of operator overloading.
The Need for Operator Overloading
Let’s revisit the clockType class from Chapter 11. Consider the following code snippet:
clockType noon(12, 0, 0);clockType classTime(11, 30, 0);noon.printTime();classTime.incrementSeconds();if (noon.equalTime(classTime)) { cout << "The times are equal" << endl;}These statements work as intended,
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