Object-Oriented Programming: Concepts and Principles
Basic Concepts of Object Oriented Programming
It is necessary to understand some of the concepts used extensively in object-oriented programming. These include:
- Objects
- Classes
- Data abstraction and encapsulation
- Inheritance
- Polymorphism
- Dynamic binding
- Message passing
1. Objects
Objects are the basic run time entities in an object-oriented system. They may represent a person, a place, a bank account, a table of data or any item that the program has to handle. They may also represent user-defined data such
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Understanding Process Control
The gain of the controller can be adjusted to make the output changes as sensitive as desired to deviations. The sign of the gain can be chosen to make the controller output increase or decrease as the error signal increases. The bias must be adjusted so that when there is no error (steady-state desired conditions), the controller output and the manipulated variable are at their nominal steady-state values. Whenever the controller gives a signal that makes the control
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UNIT 1. CAD/CAE/CAM
CAD (Computer Aided Design)
Technique of designing a computer-based product and capturing its schematic diagrams using software.
Components of CAD:
- Editor: Schematic editor with a library of components.
- Processor (Database Connectivity): Renders the circuit design and connects to simulation programs or PCB layout tools.
CAE (Computer Aided Engineering)
Electronic CAE involves verifying the functionality of the designed product through computer simulations.
CAM (Computer Aided Manufacturing)
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Buildings – Architecture – Construction
Buildings should consider factors such as:
- Premises adapted to the users’ comfort
- Optimal circulation
- Pleasant and easy-to-maintain materials and fixtures
- Clear and pleasant illumination (both natural and artificial)
- Sound & Temperature insulation
Technical Utilities and Equipment
The concept, design, and functioning of these may significantly influence the quality of service and operational costs. Consequently, these affect operational results. Hotel building
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The Need for Storage
Storage is a crucial aspect of a company’s logistics function. It’s essential for meeting demand and managing stock.
Industrial Enterprises
In industrial enterprises, there are two primary types of storage:
- Raw Materials and Supplies Storage: This type of storage ensures a steady supply of materials, preventing production shutdowns due to shortages.
- Finished Goods Storage: This warehouse stores finished products, enabling the company to meet unexpected demand.
Business Enterprises
Business
Read MoreNavigating the World of Big Data
Structured, Semi-structured, and Unstructured Data
Structured data, like an Excel spreadsheet, is organized in rows and columns. Unstructured data, such as images, lacks this tabular structure. Semi-structured data, including JSON and XML, falls in between. It doesn’t strictly adhere to the tabular format but uses tags or markers to separate elements and enforce hierarchies. JSON, or JavaScript Object Notation, is a common example, using attribute-value pairs.
REST (Representational State Transfer)
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