Film Camera: A Comprehensive Guide

The Film Camera

Film Formats

There are several film formats used in cinematography, each with its own characteristics and applications:

Universal Step Formats

  • 35mm: The most common format, used in cinema, television, and photography. It has several sub-formats, including spherical and anamorphic versions.
  • 16mm: A smaller format often used for independent films and documentaries.
  • 65mm: A larger format known for its high resolution and immersive experience, typically used for epic films and special venue
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Audio Filter Design Formulas & Phase Relationships

Audio Filter Design Formulas

Bessel Filters

12dB/octave High-Pass 2nd Order

Cutoff frequency (Fc):

  • C = 4.7nF – 10nF
  • Ra = 0.7071 / (2 * pi * Fc * C)
  • Rb = 1.4142 / (2 * pi * Fc * C)

Units: R [Ohm], C [Farads], Fc [Hz]

12dB/octave Low-Pass 2nd Order

Cutoff frequency (Fc):

  • R = 4.7K – 10KΩ
  • Ca = 0.9076 / (2 * pi * Fc * R)
  • Cb = 0.6809 / (2 * pi * Fc * R)

Units: R [Ohm], C [Farads], Fc [Hz]

18dB/octave High-Pass 3rd Order

Cutoff frequency (Fc):

  • C = 4.7nF – 10nF
  • Ra = 1.0474 / (2 * pi * Fc * C)
  • Rb = 2.008 / (2 * pi * Fc *
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Pressure and Data Acquisition: A Comprehensive Guide

Pressure Problem 7

Pressure (Pascal or N/m2) = Force (N) / Area (m2)

Air pressure decreases with increasing altitude

Static pressure measurement= NO MOTION Dynamic pressure measurement= WITH MOTION.   Absolute pressure is measured relative to a vacuum (0 N/m2). Gauge pressure is relative to ambient atmospheric pressure. Differential

Pressure is like gauge pressure, but a specific reference pressure is used instead of the atmospheric pressure.

Locations to measure differential pressure: ACROSS FANS,

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Exploring Art Techniques and Materials: A Comprehensive Guide

Exploring Art Techniques and Materials

1. Supports in Art

1.1. Material Properties of Supports

The materials that form a support give it a series of qualities such as absorption, flexibility, transparency, and texture. Examples include:

  • Absorbent: Paper, cardboard, plaster walls
  • Flexible: Paper, cardboard, fabric
  • Rigid: Walls, wood, ceramic
  • Transparent: Plastic wrap, celluloid, acetate
  • Opaque: Cloth, wood, paper, walls
  • Smooth: Satin and smooth papers and cardboards
  • Textured: Rough papers, walls, wood

1.2.

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E-commerce Technology and Business Models Overview

Chapter 1

Eight Unique Features of E-commerce Technology

Ubiquity//Global reach//Universal standards//Information richness//Interactivity//Information density//Personalization//customization//Social technology

Web 2.0

User-centered applications and social media technologies
User-generated content and communication
Highly interactive, social communities
Large audiences; yet mostly unproven business models
Examples: Twitter, YouTube, Instagram, Wikipedia, Tum

Chapter 2

Eight Key Elements of a Business

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Door Operation Types, Parts, and Performance Criteria

DOOR OPERATION TYPES

  • Single side hung
  • Double lead
  • Sliding
  • Swinging (oscilante)
  • Centre folding (cierre de casa, varias hojas)
  • Folding (solo dos hojas)
  • Revolving
  • Overhead up-and-over (garage)

PARTS OF A DOOR

  1. Frame
  2. Leaf
  3. Threshold
  4. Connecting jamb
  5. Hinge
  6. Lock/hatch

PERFORMANCE CRITERIA FOR EXTERNAL/INTERNAL DOORS

External Entrance

  • Resistance to wind load (1,2,3,4,5, A,B,C)
  • Watertightness (1A-9A)

Internal Entrance Door

  • Air permeability(1,2,3,4)
  • Thermal insulation criteria (declared value)
  • Burglary resistance (1,2,3,4,5,6)

Internal

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