Thermodynamics: Principles, History, and Applications

Introduction to Thermodynamics

The term ‘thermodynamics’ refers to a macroscopic description of bodies and processes.[13] “Any reference to atomic constitution is foreign to classical thermodynamics.”[14] The qualified term ‘statistical thermodynamics’ refers to descriptions of bodies and processes in terms of the atomic constitution of matter, mainly described by sets of items all alike, so as to have equal probabilities.

Thermodynamics arose from the study of two distinct kinds of transfer of energy,

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