Ancient Egyptian and Greek Art: Painting and Architecture

Ancient Egyptian Painting

Egyptian reliefs and paintings share common themes and thematic characteristics. Unlike sculpture, Egyptian painting aimed to depict the life of the deceased, showcasing sequences of daily life and reflecting the natural environment. When Egyptians represented reality on a two-dimensional surface, they quartered the object from the same point of view, assembling and designing its most representative parts from the side (face in profile, eye and head-torso, limbs in profile)

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Geometric Structures, Scales, and Projection Principles

Geometric Structures in Design

Regular Structures

Regular structures are distinguished by having all elements arranged uniformly and following a consistent order. Common types include:

  • Symmetric (axial)
  • Radial
  • Basic unidirectional
  • Complex unidirectional

Irregular Structures

Irregular structures are characterized by elements that are uneven and lack a regular order. The main types are:

  • Radial
  • Unidirectional
  • Complex

Modules in Patterns

A module is a shape, whether regular or irregular, that repeats to form a network

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Key Architectural and Painting Techniques

  • Architectural Elements

    • Bonding (Aparejo)

      Bonding refers to the way in which blocks of stone or brick are arranged in a wall.

    • Corbel (Console)

      A corbel or console is used to sustain flying elements (such as balconies). Its decoration is related to the historical period of the architecture.

    • Flying Buttress

      A flying buttress is an arch-shaped element designed to resist the lateral forces pushing a wall outwards. It is commonly associated with Gothic church architecture, starting in the 12th century.

    • Pendentive

      A

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Understanding Color Theory and Composition in Art

Color Theory Fundamentals

Color Concept: Color is a natural phenomenon perceived due to several factors.

The Sense of Sight: The human eye possesses cells sensitive to color and light.

Chemical Properties: Bodies have properties that allow them to absorb or reject certain color waves. Rejected waves are those that reach our eyes.

Light: Sunlight, though appearing white, contains all colors.

Additive Synthesis

Additive synthesis involves mixing light colors. The primary light colors are violet, red, and

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Space, Composition, Chiaroscuro, and Movement in Art

Representing Space Resources

  • Overlay planes: Forms are partially hidden.
  • Variation in size: Smaller objects appear more distant.
  • Position stand: Objects higher up appear further away, lower down appear nearer.
  • Dynamics of color: More distant objects have less defined outlines, brighter colors, and less contrast. This is called aerial perspective.
  • Light: Contrasts of light and shadow are equal, and objects in the distance appear grayer. Chiaroscuro is used to profile objects.
  • Conical perspective.

Compositional

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Understanding the Dihedral System in Technical Drawing

Understanding the Dihedral System

The Dihedral System uses orthogonal projection onto two planes perpendicular to each other. To represent it on a plane (vertical plane), it is rotated perpendicularly (horizontal) 90 degrees around the intersection line (ground line). In addition to these two planes, a third plane perpendicular to the preceding ones (profile plane) is generally considered. Its representation is made by projecting onto the vertical plane around the line of intersection.

Dimension line:

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