Understanding Color Theory and Visual Language Elements

Color Theory: Ranges, Properties, and Applications

Color Ranges

Establish colors that have a relationship with each other, that are close on the chromatic circle.

  • Warm Range: Involves magenta, yellow, red, orange, ochres, and earth tones. These colors evoke feelings of closeness and force.
  • Cold Range: Involves blue, violet, and green. These colors evoke feelings of distance, cold, calm, tranquility, and spirituality.
  • Monochromatic Range: Formed by a single tone, including a scale of that color. For example,
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Understanding Polygons, Quadrilaterals, and Polyhedrons

Understanding Polygons

A polygon is a part of a plane delimited by a closed polygonal path (it is called a polygonal region). It can be:

  • Convex: Prolongation of all segments of the polygonal path divides the plane into two semi-planes, and the polygonal path is all in the same semi-plane.
  • Concave: Prolongation of at least one segment of the polygonal path divides the plane into two parts, each one in different semi-planes.
  • Regular: When all the sides and angles are equal.

Key Terms Related to Polygons

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Sensory Perception: Attributes and Characteristics

Visual Attributes

Figure-NMR

  • Figure-NMR (e.g., lemon, pear, ball, dog)
  • Figure (e.g., round, square, open, closed, triangular)
  • TMN (e.g., large, small, thin, thick)
  • Shape (e.g., circular, cylindrical, spherical, cubic, pyramidal, tapered, parallelepiped)
  • Volume (e.g., very high and very wide, very low and very high, very wide, very tall and very deep)
  • Surface (e.g., wrinkled, textured, discontinuous, prickly, fluffy, granular, smooth, shifting, hairy, folded, porous, sharp, slippery)
  • Material (e.g., cotton,
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Delectable Sushi Rolls and Sashimi Selection

Atlantic Roll

Ingredients: Baked Salmon, Spicy Aioli Dipping Sauce, and Cucumber. Topped with Tempura Flakes and Eel Sauce. Sesame Seeds on the Outside.

Preparation: Cooked, Served Inside Out, and 8 Piece Cut. [HH]

Bama Roll

Ingredients: Imitation Crab, Cream Cheese, JalapeƱo, and Soy Paper. Topped with Tuna, Avocado, Fish Roe, and Spicy Mayo.

Preparation: Raw and 6 Piece Cut. [HH]

California Roll

Ingredients: Imitation Crab, Cucumber, and Avocado. Sesame Seeds on the Outside.

Preparation: Cooked, Served

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Technical Drawing Labeling: Standards and Tools

Definition of Labeling

Definition: Labeling is the art of writing letters and numbers according to established standards.

Background of Labeling

Background of the labeling: In the late nineteenth century, C.W. Reinhardt, former chief designer of the Engineering News, recognized the need for a simple and readable font using basic lines. This led to the development of upper and lowercase alphabets based on Gothic letters and a systematic series of strokes.

Standardization of Letters

Standardization of

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Calorie Content of Common Foods: A Detailed List

Oils and fats


Calories per 100 grams (in Kcal.)
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Peanut oil 900
Sunflower oil 900
Corn oil 900
Olive oil 900
Soybean oil 900
Butter 670
Butter 752
Margarine 752
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Sugar and sweets


Calories per 100 grams (in Kcal.)


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Sugar 380
Cocoa powder 366
Candies 378
Compote 66
Chocolate-hazelnut cream 549
Milk chocolate 550
Black chocolate 530
Gums 172
Pole 215
Quince 215
Jam with sugar
280
Sugarless jam 145
Honey 300
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Meat, game and sausages


Calories per 100 grams (in Kcal.)


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Bacon 665
Pork chop 330
Pig, liver
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