Surveying and Construction Techniques: An Introduction
Surveying and Construction Techniques
The restatement is the action of planning or setting a standard score that we intend to run, though even here we will refer only to rethinking a horizontal building.
He performed through a stakes, a long sharp object stuck in the ground, serves to demarcate a section of land, to attach strings to her cable-stayed, or also called lees.
“The couch is an object composed of two stakes that are within a certain distance from each other, and their function is the same as the individual stakes.
Another measurement tool is the surveyor’s chain. It is a chain composed of links of the same measure, each measuring approximately 20 meters.
“The groma leveling device was essential for Roman surveyors and allowed them to trace the streets. It consisted of a vertical shaft at its upper end bearing a cross placed on a pivot: the bar could turn in the horizontal plane. Each arm of the cross bore at its tip a plumb line.
“The coróbate was a special instrument used by ancient Roman engineers to measure the different levels of terrain.
-The water level
–Nivelet: Single instrument consisting of a horizontal bar and a vertical support, which allows us to glance online somewhere in relation to the ends. It requires three to make the leveling.
Clearing: Preparing the ground for carrying out the construction of a building.
The dismantling of trade marks is served both in the field.
The basic tools were the pick, shovel, and hoe.
Depending on the line of gradient and the location of the building, the following can be given:
a) Dismounting: When the field is above the ground and the plane in which he has to go downstairs. Land must be removed to reach the ground.
b) Terracing: Field in which all or part of it is deeper than the ground or lower floor of the building. It has to be refilled.
c) Casting: The site coincides with the ground. However, it requires the construction of basements or semi-basements. It removed the land needed to reach the cellar or basement level. Operation is different from the clearing
When you’ve got the height on which will rise building:
“It makes the ground must be found capable of withstanding the loads and overloads. This involves clearing the last operation, call:
Trenching:
All the four operations (clearing, filling, emptying, and trenching), generally known as: Earthmoving:
The charge of carrying out these operations is removal.
For this clearing tools are used for transportation as; baskets (wicker baskets with two small loops), trucks (timber with ¼ m3 capacity), dump (carriage with a drawer that turns to deposit the load), the pulley or pulley, the wheel, pick, hoe and Zapico and finally various blades.
The dive of the land can be:
To breast-Picado
-Picado to lie
Shoring: is a type of temporary containment structure that is very flexible. Used in ditches, and built by wooden boards held together by struts and pilarotes, which bind through a ejión.
The bracing used to take down a wall and building on an adjoining parallel so that the thrust or struts, caused by one of the wall opposite the counter.
Construction Techniques: Foundation
The foundation is the set of structural elements whose mission is to transmit the building loads to the ground.
In section the foundation comply with such logic is: