Sustainable Practices: Cultivation, Population, and Water
Sustainable Cultivation Practices
Polyculture and monoculture: Agricultural spacing is divided into multiple parts. Different species are grown. Monoculture is a specialized agricultural crop with a single product.
Irrigation and scanning: In the landscapes of water extraction, irrigation of the subsoil, and through channels, sprinklers, etc., the fields are driven by a shaft. The crops in principle scan alone and are supplied with water, but it is a frequent technical practice of irrigation in traditionally scanned landscapes.
Intensive and extensive agriculture: Intensive agriculture is practiced in very populated cities where the land is small and scarce. Products are produced with minimal spacing. Scarcity is not a problem, and holistic efforts are made. Fertilizers are used, and carefully selected seeds and manual labor are used. This vegetable, fruit, and agricultural product agriculture is practiced extensively in populated areas with a lot of land and scarce manual labor, with the aim of obtaining large quantities of low-priced products. The use of machinery is common. There is no need for manuring.
Population Rates
• Birth rate (tn):
• Fertility rate (tf):
• Mortality rate ™:
• Infant mortality rate (IMR):
• Net migration: No-No Emigrants Immigrants
• Natural or vegetative growth: birth rate, mortality rate
• Real growth: natural + net migration growth
Water Pollution and Availability
Water availability is a major problem in many cities worldwide, but perhaps the fact that water is accessible to everyone equally is even more serious. One in four inhabitants is affected by water scarcity. In developed countries, agriculture and domestic uses consume excessive amounts of water. The impact on other urban spaces is pollution in fratricidal layers due to the lack of adequate sanitation of drinking water and residual water canalizations. Contaminated water can cause diseases.
To study the overexploitation of water resources, both surface and groundwater, it is necessary to take into account that: the world’s water consumption has multiplied by 4 in the last 50 years, 80% of which is used for agriculture; human consumption accounts for only a small percentage, but it should be a priority.
The pressure of the enormous human exercise on the natural environment causes deterioration and impoverishment of natural resources, which are known as environmental impacts. The most serious environmental consequences are, on the one hand, the overexploitation of natural resources and, on the other, pollution, caused by the accumulation of uncontrolled waste and discharges.
Fresh water can be contaminated from different sources:
• Human: water sports activities associated with personal activities, cleaning the home, and so on.
• Farm and livestock: water contaminated by fertilizers and deposits and purines from farm animals. Human and animal waste, mixed with residual waters, originates fecal waters.
• Industrial water altered by different waste sources, such as metallic waste.
The contamination of the seas is equally dangerous, and the ecological consequences can be very serious.