Systematization of Communication & Levels of Analysis

Posted on Sep 10, 2024 in Psychology and Sociology

Systematization of Communication and Levels of Analysis

Information

A set of signals, data, and evidence of qualities and circumstances of people, objects, phenomena, processes, etc.

Communication

The process of transmitting information between a sender and a receiver using a common code.

Knowledge

The action and effect of finding out the qualities and relations of information.

Phases of Communication

  • All communication involves a process with five phases.
  • In any communication, the agents (transmitter and receiver) exchange information.
  • They exchange information to reduce uncertainty. To calculate the reduction of uncertainty, information theorists use the BIT unit of information. The BIT allows us to make decisions between two equally likely events.
  • To be a process of communication, information must be encoded, and the sender and receiver have to participate in the same code. Therefore, it is said that the intelligibility of the sentence is the first requirement of communication, as we have to understand that information.
  • To be in the process, there has to be an agreement on the referent, in the words and gestures we use. Here, there are problems of denotation and connotation.

Denotation and Connotation

  • Denotation points and draws a certain type of configuration.
  • Connotation: A set of feelings and experiences entailed by a word or phrase.

Purpose of Communication

Communication is not limited only to conveying information but also aims to get results. Communication is directed to make decisions that change the course of events. All communication has a purpose, an aim; they want to achieve certain objectives.

Levels of Communication in Films

In each of the three films, there are different communication levels, but they have a common thread:

  • Interpersonal Communication
  • Social Communication

Interpersonal Communication

Interpersonal communication is a process in which the subjects are accessible to each other. In the interaction, they share the same space and time. Interpersonal communication is characterized by:

  • Copresence in space and time: The agents of communication can be seen and heard without the need to use any technology to encode and decode or to expand or convey communicative signals. In this process, aspects of the relationship are important, not just the content of communication.
  • The multiplicity of codes in interpersonal communication: Verbal and nonverbal codes are involved.
  • Communication is specifically geared to the other: We address a specific and accessible recipient. The agents are known and can adjust their communication to the other.
  • Two-way communication: This is dialogic communication; the agents exchange the roles of transmitter and receiver alternatively.

Social Communication

Social communication has the following characteristics (according to Miller):

  • It is a process that requires production professionals who use high technology and who together form an organization.
  • The number of agents that may have social communication is great, but the degree of interpersonal relationship may be absent or reduced.
  • The degree of physical proximity between issuers and the audience is very low.
  • The sensory channels may be minimal for the reception of the message.
  • The immediacy of feedback is deferred.

Social communication transmits messages via public technical communication indirectly and unilaterally to a sparse public (Maletzke). Interpersonal (Big Fish, Billy Elliot) Social (Network).

Along with social communication, group communication (interpersonal) is established with the audience present on the set, as well as the various technical personnel on the set.

Aspects of Communication (CARMA)

The communication aspects to study in a systematic way:

  • Components
  • Attributes
  • Relationships
  • Media
  • Environment

1. Components

Who are they, and how are the agents involved in the communicative process? If there are two (transmitter and receiver), we find a dyad. But if there are three agents (two transmitters and a receiver or a transmitter and two receivers), we find a triad. From three until nine, it becomes a small group, and from nine, we are talking about a large group. Large groups form an organization, and the meeting of various organizations gives rise to social institutions and society as a whole.

In the first group, we may have interpersonal communication, but with society and institutions, we need social media.

2. Attributes

  • Knowledge: This property has to do with the type or content of information transmitted. It relates to the above. The components of communication transform the information content. Without the players, there would be no processing of data.
  • Emotion, feeling: This is another property of the communication system; it is how agents express and capture their own and others’ emotions. Emotion should be linked to the knowledge of a conscious/overt or unconscious/latent level to help communication.
  • Style: This property is characterized by agents showing behaviors that form the way we relate to others. Conduct = knowledge + emotions. The set of behaviors is the style.
  • Humor: This property is changed or can change knowledge, emotion, and style. It can sort communication and define the agents. With humor, we can change a message and the reception of that message.
  • Purpose/intent: All communication processes have a purpose, which can be to inform, educate, or entertain.

3. Relations

Establish how a connection is established between components, attributes, and the environment. We talk about relationships:

  • Monologues: An issuer is directed to a receiver but cannot be answered.
  • Dialogues
  • Dialogue sequence: When we have a triad, and debate arises.
  • Multiple Dialogue: There are more than three agents.

Television has to be social, dynamic, and dramatic. Personal attacks are never forgotten; they disagree with the ideas. This involves a spiral that we can no longer stop.

4. Media

They have two different contributions: the way in which the experiences of the agents are measured and the tool that makes mediation (The medium is the message. The media determine or modify the message.)

  • Regulatory: The experiences of the actors are measured verbally and in writing.
  • Image: Experiences are measured by the visual.
  • Representation or recreation: The experiences are measured with words and images.

5. Environment

  • Placido/Random: This is a static environment. There is no distinction between strategy and tactics; we will go into the meeting of the event as they come. In this environment, it is approved by trial and error, and it is a communication process because the agent is adapted to communication. Learning is done with the test. Strategy: Action to select where you want to be, aiming at a future time. Tactics: The action of selecting an immediate activity between a code available so that the strategy is developed at some future time and tactics in the present.
  • Placido cluster: A distinction between strategy and tactics. Events are distinguished and studied as they consider the short, medium, and long term. The achievement of objectives is achieved with the subordination to a plan. There are resources and an established hierarchy.
  • Restless or reactive: An agent’s objectives coincide with those of another agent; the match is competitive because the achievement of a goal is at the expense of the objectives of the other party. The environment is dynamic, and if there is a strategy, the tactics and operations carried out are always to prevent another from achieving its objective. The quality and speed with which they carry out decisions are important.
  • Turbulent: It is dynamic; there is advancement when the agent suffers a brand or identity crisis. In the environment, a reassessment of goals is required. Uncertainty about important issues is growing, and there must be two situations: The agent can disappear if the crisis is not resolved, or the agent goes to common values and reduces uncertainty.
  • Autorrecreado or self-representations: We represent or believe ourselves. Usually, subjects are observers, attentive, and downplay the need for change, and they seek to carry out that change if it is turbulent, trying to recreate a peaceful, reactive environment, etc.