Taste and Hearing: Anatomy, Function, and Disorders
Taste
- Taste receptors are chemoreceptors.
- Taste buds are directly related to nerve fibers.
- The structure of language is important in taste perception.
- Monosodium glutamate is responsible for the umami flavor.
- Flavors are perceived in the palatal portion of the tongue.
- The tongue structure is flexible, not rigid.
- Filiform papillae are also known as conical papillae.
- Taste buds are inside the taste bud.
- Saliva contributes to, rather than decreases, the perception of taste by degrading food and chemical substances.
- The “pleasure center” is in the central cortex.
- The portion of the tongue that stays in the mouth corresponds to the palatine area.
- Hypogeusia produces a decrease in the sensitivity of flavors.
- Dysgeusia is the anomaly in which flavors are not perceived; the correct term for no flavor perception is ageusia.
- The body of the tongue, not the root, perceives the taste of salt.
- Smell is closely related to taste.
- The tongue aids in determining the taste and number of foods.
- Taste buds come in four different varieties.
- Papillae give a rough, not smooth and soft, texture to the surface of the tongue.
- You can taste different activities at one time.
Ear
- Hearing transforms acoustic waves into nervous pulses.
- The eardrum is elastic, not rigid.
- The external ear consists of the pinna and ear canal.
- The labyrinthine wall has two windows: the oval and round windows.
- Within the maze are the saccule and utricle.
- In the inner ear are the spiral, vestibule, and semicircular canals, not the hammer and anvil.
- Ear buzzing (tinnitus) can sometimes be resolved with surgery for otosclerosis.
- The round window, not the oval window, is closed by the stapes.
- The cochlea is a snail-shaped, spirally wound tube.
- Otoliths are on the macula.
- Semicircular canals report the kinetic position of the subject in space.
- Inside the membranous labyrinth is endolymph.
- Three bony semicircular canals correspond to three-dimensional space.
- The Eustachian tube is in the middle ear.
Taste Perception and Function
Taste perception can also play a mechanical function. Of those found below:
A) Foliated B) FILAMENTARY
C) Circumvallate D) Fungiform
E) Goblet
Which lingual papillae are forming the V?
A) Foliated B) Circumvallate
C) Fungiform D) Filiform
E) C and D
The leaf-shaped papillae are:
A) Foliated B) Fungiform
C) Circumvallate D) Filiform
E) Goblet
The papillae that are particularly sensitive to sweet taste are:
I Filiform
II Foliate
III Fungiform
IV Circumvallate
C) Only III
Sensitivity to bitterness is perceived:
B) In the posterior dorsum of the tongue
Ear Anatomy and Function
The difference between the scala vestibuli and the scala tympani are:
I) The scala vestibuli contains endolymph, while the scala tympani contains perilymph.
II) The location around the cochlear duct; the scala vestibuli is above the canal, while the scala tympani is below it.
III) The scala vestibuli is within the cochlear duct, while the scala tympani is outside it.
B) Only II
Audition receptors (phonoreceptors) are based on:
E) Basilar Membrane
Regarding the vestibule, which is correct?
I) It is part of the inner ear.
II) It is located behind the cochlea.
III) It acts as a receptor for the position of the subject in space.
D) I, II, III
Regarding the macula, which is correct?
I) They are a set of bones on a set of floating solid particles of calcium carbonate.
II) It is associated with body static equilibrium.
III) It is associated with equilibrium of the pressure inside the body.
B) Only II
The membranous structure of the cochlea is:
C) Cochlear Duct
Regarding otitis externa, which is correct?
A) It can be caused by a fungus.
B) It may be accompanied by pain.
C) It can cause deafness.
D) It can cause fever.
E) Any
Wax blockage can occur due to:
I) Bacterial action.
II) Excessive production of earwax that is not removed.
III) Middle ear infections.
B) Only II