Technical Reports and Project Management

THEME 1: “Technical Report”

What is a technical report?. Component parts


It is a study from the technical point of view of the work, installation or set-based products it unclear aspects: size, power, features or circumstances that help to classify those aspects that appear in the report.

The report consists of:

-Scope of the report: clarifies the purpose of the project, fulfilling the wishes of the designer.

-Data collection / measurements: biographical data relating to the report.

– Study of measurement and analysis: measures will be analyzed and explained by subjectivity, without outside influence.

“Conclusions and reviews: here are set on the client responsibilities, responsible …

History of a technical report


We need to know the background that exist and we can find projects, maintenance books, etc.

We must make clear the purpose of the project, why and what makes the report, the destination and use.

Measurements reports

Measurements because everything we do must be based on measurable facts and verified, also has to be verifiable.

We must reflect all necessary measures (units of elements, physical, unusual, etc.), Sources of data (direct measurement, communications with people), and measurement instruments and calibration (contrast two measurements and specify the inputs and outputs).

Analysis and study of the measurements


This study encompasses the entire data set and measurements taken for the purpose of the report. Here you can see if you need to expand data collection or whether it is sufficient.

Employ standards of good engineering, good design and administration objectively.

The analysis will be based on:

-Specifications of the petitioner.

-National and international technical standards.

Regulations in force.

“Relations with the administration of ministries.

“Good design

“Criterion’s own designer.

Critical appraisal of a report


To properly assess these measurements must crumble and analyze from the standpoint of compliance with the regulations and determine the reason for the good or bad performance of the facilities and even review the original design calculations if necessary.

In conclusion we will have a summary that is valued and prosecute the subject of the report, valuation or cost of things, and pricing.

Conditions for a good report


To carry out a good report is required:

That a good gradation of ideas.

The report must be understood and effective. It must be shown convincingly that the problem has been fixed.

You must convince the customer.

The purpose and objective of the report should be clear.

Will have good knowledge of the precedence of the information to see if they are reliable or not.

To know the cause and the use of the report.

Take data, measurements and information.

Knowing the background of the report .-

Knowing well the measuring equipment and calibration and tolerance.

Be objective in the conclusions.

Demonstrate each conclusion.

The report must be clear, structured and must answer the questions.

These responses should be understandable and must meet any requirements that are likely to read the report.

Should not lead to misinterpretation.

THEME 2: “RULES”

Difference between standards, codes and regulations


  • Policy:


    It is the result of making a product, installation, or modification process will follow a variety of construction processes, so that fits all the elements that perform the same action. The set of rules is called standardization system. Compliance is voluntary.

  • Code:

    A standard that deals with materials, composition, treatment and methods of construction or destruction. Is voluntary.

  • Regulations:

    the set of standards are mandatory, enforceable by law, are dictated by the state.

Advantages of standardization


Varies by area:

  • Scope of production:


  • Streamlining production processes.
  • Decrease of the stored items.
  • Decrease in number of types of products manufactured.
  • Increased ranges produced.
  • Enables automation.
  • Rationalization of the methods and timing systems.

  • Scope of project:

  • Improved design.
  • Decreasing the cost of the project.
  • Simplifying the design of the components.
  • Reduced tooling.

  • Level of consumption:

  • Improving the interchangeability of items.
  • Simplification of the periods.
  • Easier comparison of tenders.
  • Increased customer satisfaction.
  • Increased quality.

  • Economic field:

Lower costs of production.

Increased productivity.

Increased accessibility to markets.

Technical improvement.

Stages of the preparation of a standard


  • A committee studying the need to implement a standard.
  • It makes a compilation of existing standards.
  • There is a draft standard
  • Proposed rule will be called UNE and claims he made ​​appropriate.
  • This is another proposal that was sent back to school and so on until the state makes a decision. This process takes 4 to 6 months.
  • The UNE is published in the Official Gazette.
  • UNE format is unified.

Specifications


Are a set of rules, instructions, and conditions that the designer put into the project, and must be required to fulfill the scope of the project, and are included in the specifications. They are usually technical specifications.

Regulation of classified activities


License must be obtained prior to opening that will hook the granting of light or water. Violation is considered unlicensed operation. The noise level must be controlled, can not pass noise inside out or upside down. Neither can pass a certain level of vibration. Should be provided with some documentation for installation of music.

Theater


The room must be equipped with a number of both emergency exits as normal, ladders and lifting equipment if necessary. The materials and construction elements should be fire resistant for a good performance against a possible fire. The premises must be provided with: exhaust and smoke detectors, ventilation, fire alarm, fire extinguishers, dry riser, sprinkler …

Fire protection


Building is not processes. There are several types of fires. Ensuring that there is no, and if that happens, you have to catch it early.

You must use materials that do not burn, they are extinguished themselves.

It should be flat fire compartmentation. Fire detection, location, existence, location map of detectors and their networks for easier evacuation. Evacuations along corridors will be entitled to vote, separating the protected sectors.

THEME 3: “block diagram”

  • Block diagram


Is a graphical representation of a process or activity in which interrelate the various elements that will intervene in the process.

It is an organization which organizes the process to be performed following a logical.

Flowcharts are diagrams that represent us in the direction of movement of the flow of materials, energy, … Constituents between systems.

Synoptic diagrams represent us with physical or diagrammatic form the elements of an installation.

The single wire diagrams are diagrams of an electrical installation.

The implementation phases are:

General approach of the project.

Making the avalanche of ideas or notation needs.

Management of these parties as a logical.

  • Products and waste


The products are products of lower quality and low cost that occur during a particular process. Must be provided and studied its use.

Wastes are unusable waste listed in the manufacturing process of a product or treatment. We will have to schedule your collection and handling to reduce its harmful effects and / or eliminate them, taking into account the regulations.

Waste water: municipal sewerage or sewage.

Runoff: Proper Handling.

Noise and vibration: Seeking to move away from population centers or acoustic shielding.

TOPIC 4: TECHNICAL PROJECT “

  • Phases of a technical project


  • Previous studies.
  • Draft.
  • Project.
  • Processing.
  • Implementation.
  • Reception.
  • Maintenance. Although not a part of the project must include some aspects of maintenance.
  • Previous studies that establish the need for a project


Establish the need for the project.

Justify the need for the project according to:

-Observation of the environment.

-Appreciation of what is missing in the market.

-Assessment of the legal need to make or renew a product by changing legal standard.

-View the demands of society.

-View the necessity of doing business.

Studies of technical and economic feasibility: We analyzed the socioeconomic environment that is addressed, the technical conditions of the product or manufacture, production and market, and its depreciation and profitability.

Launching a new product to the market:


establish the causes that determine this release. The new product is compared with existing products on the market by analyzing the advantages.

  • Book building


Binding document which is recorded in a series of papers all related to the work. Contain:

“The project with the annotations and major incidents.

“The plans for the project as actually executed.

-Transfer of the notes made ​​in the book of orders and assists.

“Rules and instructions for maintenance and upkeep that contains the project.

“Qualities of the materials used.

-Guarantees that emit providers and suppliers of products in these materials.

“Rules of action in case of disaster or emergency.

  • Draft


Established requirements are studied and design possible solutions, taking the most appropriate cost and means, modified if necessary to obtain a satisfactory product. In this phase, models or prototypes are made ​​to be tested to see if they meet the security and resilience.

  • In what is the difference between two types of projects


One program is a something never done programming all the aspects that influence or intervene in the scope of the project. (The budget is a document of a play).

The other involves a series of actions to change something that already exists. (The budget is a proposal to enforce an existing work).

  • Planning stage


  • Includes technical and economic calculation of the product to be manufactured.
  • Is defined as the product in its dimensions, weights, … And makes the choice of materials at the lowest cost quality monitor.
  • If it is a unique product or in series, and the work process or sequence to follow.
  • Determine the job cheaper and a determination is appropriate operator.
  • Establishing the standardization of materials involved in the manufacturing process.
  • Processing


The project is submitted to the administration, being endorsed by the relevant school.

  • Buildings and Facilities: A


    Review.
  • Good engineering.
  • Rules and Regulations.
  • Professional ethics.

Products:


Every product has a record of serving as a reference rate for all other products of the series, so just watch the manufacturing conditions for your safety.

Must pass an approval (try to overcome) according to certification standards.

ENICRES appear (Entities Inspectors Credentials) to monitor the Quality Assurance.

After visa approval is submitted by public or private permissions.

  • Implementation phase


Once processing is complete and approved, we can complete the project.

Enough for a private project with the appropriate permits, delivering assistance through whom it considers most appropriate.

If the petitioner is the government have to follow a series of steps:

  • First Public Administration ordered a draft that will serve as a reference, or perform a project manager looking only at the execution.
  • It makes a public demand of the project deals in the media, newspapers, BOE, … The tender offers and projects are delivered to the applicant organization or the Civil Government in 2 above or Tender, one with the financial offer and the other with the administrative conditions.
  • We proceed to the opening session, two at a time. The financial offer is downward and in%. It makes half of all offers and if there is less than 10% is considered abnormally low, so you may be barred. The Committee shall be awarded on the basis of price, reliability and security to do the work.
  • Realisation as determined and specified in the project and the contract, monitoring the quality and execution times.
  • Acceptance stage.

It contrasts the final quality of the work and evaluates the factors involved in the work, if taken for good, it is accepted, it receives, firms are concerned and as the owner is the developer, until then is the contractor.

  • Audit of a product


It is a study done on the finished product brought to market to see if it meets the requirements of the manufacturer.

An assessment is made ​​of 100 and subtract points for errors.

  • Aggregation


They are based on prices obtained applying practical measurements.

Is the sum of overheads, the industrial profit and budget execution of the material.

Stakeout


Verification that is specified in the project is executable in the venue and that is specified in the project.

Once the layout was the lifting of the record of the proceedings, including those present, the results of the layout, location and date. This act shall be signed by the main contractor and the contractor, which are those who perform it.

ITEM 5: TECHNICAL PROJECT DOCUMENTS “

  • Project documents


  • Memory.
  • Calculations.
  • Planes.
  • Specifications.
  • Budget.
  • Economic Survey.
  • Memory.

Document which is a description of the work, installation, construction, product, or any modifications.

Dale He begins to solve the problem statement, objectives, all clearly.

He expressed the reasons which lead the author to do the job, who performs the task and performing it.

“We’ll do an exhaustive list of requirements to satisfy.

“We point out and describe solutions firm background: who makes the request and why.

-Explain the solutions, describe and justify technical, social and economically.

* Description of system justification.

* Material Description and justification.

* Diagrams and charts.

“It monitors compliance with the regulations.

  • Memory specifications


  • Buildings:


  • We know the extent.
  • Description of the site indicating the reasons for its location and topography.
  • If city ordinances will affect solutions to these commands.
  • It will be the minimum size regulation.

  • Facilities:

  • Description of the scope of needs.
  • Understanding the origin of the materials.
  • Be classified and accounted for corrective measures if any.

  • Product:

  • Description of the work process and scope.
  • Description of raw materials, function and purpose.
  • There will be a planning and plant layout.
  • There will be a storage and maintenance.
  • Describing the qualifications of staff.
  • There will be a process diagram.
  • Describe the quality control.
  • Annexes to the report


Are explanatory documents. In order shall:

  • Calculation



  • Economic


  • Review and rating

  • Planning of work



  • Normative literature and documentation reflects all the standards used.

  • Health and Safety

  • Schedule of calculation. What process is?


It makes the sizing of the building and sets out the calculation assumptions.

Formulas indicate identifying the unknowns.

The rules and regulations tell us we have to calculate and enforce.

The designer, work and / or limitations imposed field.

Optimize the project based on the highest quality and lowest cost.

Reflect the results clearly.

For buildings and facilities have to specify the rules.

For products we specify the load and overload hypothesis, proposing the worst case of operation, work setting factors to calculate the level of acceptable quality and flow directions …

  • Sources of hypotheses


Can be obtained from:

  • Regulations, municipal ordinances enforceable, standards and codes.
  • Limitations imposed by the work or the petitioner.
  • Safety features, coefficients of work and production capacity.
  • Economic Schedule


Is to reflect the most important economic data that affect the product such as:

Building:


built volumes and surfaces.

Facilities:


Surface, volume, power contracts …

Products:


Dimensions, weights and units produced.

  • Items raised


Units of work or product included in the budget document are difficult to gauge, given the complexity of its measurement on the physical plane. They are characterized by:

  • Having a real and effective value.
  • Be inconsequential.
  • They have no need of calculation or design (grooves of an installation).
  • Its measurement in both project and in real work is not worth the effort, it is difficult.
  • Schedule review and rating

It is an annex to the report.

  • Review: Review of current prices. A project is not always done after the end of this, but there may be a delay in implementation. Then you also have to review the budget, which will vary depending on the evolution of prices of labor, and materials. Prices at times to distinguish from a project are:

“Since the charge of a project until it is done and visa.

“Since the visa until it begins execution.

-Runtime.

The prices are put into the project are available at the time in which it is responsible.

To make the revision, there is a proposal polynomial equation. Also check if the runtime is greater than 6 months.

  • Rating:


    When it comes to perform any work, the designer must take into account the quality of the products with which the work is done. It is also the project that takes into account the qualifications of those doing the work.

Buildings: Building official: the classification is performed by the administration.

Private work: no rating.

-Facilities: Same as for private work. We must pass some tests to get the installer title.

-Products: It depends on the knowledge, experience, skill, …

  • Planning of work


Is to make a schematic embodiment of operations to follow, or heading to perform in order of performance, indicating the time taken in implementation.

  • Schedule of Health, Safety and Hygiene


When the project budget exceeds € 450,000 will be made ​​this specific project, regardless of major, to be called”Safety and Health Project.”

Its function is to raise the level of protection for workers in the realization of the plant or process through the implementation of corrective measures and development activities necessary for the prevention of occupational hazards. Should include:

1-Analysis and evolution of risks

2-Prevention of accidents in the area of the project

3-Description of community facilities

4-Description of personal safety equipment and mandatory use

5-Description of the function of risk group, formed by the construction manager and a worker, at a minimum, should be risk-prevention courses. As for hygiene, give the necessary conditions so that you can be working with hygiene such as showers, drains, houses works programming, disinfection …

  • Reasons why the replacement is made ​​of a product


  • Need for technical renovation.
  • For makeover.
  • For better handling of the product.
  • For better maintenance.
  • Considerations prior to the completion of the plans


  • The format of the plans must be standardized.
  • The number of planes varies depending on the work, …
  • The order of the planes has to be logical (in order of execution, assembly or manufacturing).
  • Some plans are essential as the location plan, drawings, diagrams, …
  • Be taken into account the indications that make the rules.
  • The certificate shall be done according to the rules of drawing and will be those which have emerged from the calculations.
  • You must indicate the scale.
  • Drawings of a building project


Must carry a symbol.

Site plans, utilities, …

Dimensional floor plans, structures, …

Distribution floorplans, annotations, …

Façade elevations, sectional elevations.

Construction details.

  • Drawings of a setup project


  • Installation and location map.
  • Utilities, access, …
  • Plant networks and provision with respect to parameters of the building.
  • Diagrams or flowcharts.
  • Isometric drawings if needed (standard symbols).
  • Details of the facilities (legends and symbols invented).
  • Plans for a product.

Site plans for a machine.

Location maps of the external connections.

Joint planes and cutting the product concerned. Planes can be divided into subsets, with each box, if it is very complex.

Flat beds, joints and fasteners.

Drawings of the manufacturing processes.

Plans of assembly and disassembly, but not common.

Plans for implementation of a machine.

Maintenance plans if needed (for complex).

Packaging and legends.

  • Health and safety plans


Mass-planes.

-Location maps.

-Floor plans indicating the areas of material storage awaiting use.

-Floor plans marking the routes of the materials.

-Floor plans and elevations marking areas for protection including the type of protection.

-Floor plans indicating the risk zone.

-Floor plans with indications to be considered for individual protection and use compulsory.

-Drawings of elevations of means of protection.

-Plans grids footage.

-Safety distances to protect themselves.

Of Health are:

Plans for toilets and changing rooms.

-Plans worksite.

-Consolidation plans.

  • Scales


In buildings:


  • Ground plane: 1:50.000, 1:25.000
  • Location maps: 1:2.000, 1:1.000, 1:500
  • Floor plan and elevation: 1:50, 1:100
  • Details: 1:20, 1:10, 1:5

Products:


  • Reduction: 1:5, 1:2
  • Extension: 2:1
  • Microscopic parts: 5:1, 10:1.

In plants, as in buildings


  • Hidden defects


They refer mainly to works, and are defects that have been covered.

The covers are works that are hidden works and the mistakes that are blocked and are difficult to see are hidden. When they are detected are called defective work.

They can be voluntary (the contractor benefits in time and money) or involuntary (due to misunderstanding of the project or incapacitation of operators).

  • Reforming of a project


Is changed because the customer can change criterion can also be a change of law or that you forgot something designer.

In all cases, the state administration will want to receive relevant information about the change, you have to justify making a new memory or doing another complete project if required, which must be submitted as an annex. Have an additional specification. We have several problems with management, technical, organizational and economic.

  • Specifications. Parties


It specifies the requirements to be considered in the preparation of the work, execution of works, project management and receiving a finished product. It is divided into:

General conditions.

Constructive specification requirements.

Economic specifications and value.

  • General conditions.

Has nothing to do with materials or with his assessment.

The first section displays the title and author of the project, as well as a detailed list of documents that make up the project. Indicate the number of authorized copies of the project, the authority and powers of the director’s work. If there was conflict between the documents of the project is predominantly the specification, or else it will be the designer who decides. Also indicate the responsibilities of the contractor. Indicating the possibility of hiring subcontractors, especially for skilled jobs. You may not subcontract more than 70% of the budget of the work. Tell you how to communicate with the recruiter and project manager. Regulated in the order book and assistance.

This general specification also lays the foundation auction contest, the competition requirements and the time duration of the work, the warranty periods, the opening session …

  • Powers of the project manager


Interprets the project.

Gives the nod to the contractors.

Directs the work.

Custody a copy of the order book.

Testing orders.

Directs layout.

Proposed works result in conflicting prices.

Check the certifications.

  • Book orders and assists


Is published by the association of engineers who performed the work and direction is required. Its mission:

Communicate orders to the contractor project manager on implementation aspects of the work are unclear or on how to run certain games.

Attests to the assistance of the project manager to work.

Is paged in triplicate. One part is for the construction manager, one for the contractor, and the other is in the book as a document. The contractor must sign the informed.

On the cover is the name of the professional, number of book by the question, project manager, owner and contractor.

It is also an attendance book.

  • Work process. Construction specifications or specific requirements


Are the conditions of the work or products, materials, transportation, efforts to support and operation. Detailed operations to be executed and the system.

It must give a detailed description of the works included in the project and detail the deadlines and guarantee the work.

  • Management of the evidence


The tests may order the designer from the project influenced by the regulation. The project manager may send repeated as many times as you like testing.

When ordering from the project, the contractor pays.

When the project manager sends the project are paid by the contractor and the promoter that are distinct.

  • Test objectives


  • They are made ​​to check characteristics of the materials defined.
  • To check which function for which they were designed.
  • Commissioning tests: a test set.
  • Proposed organization of work


The working process is done through action programs. Description of works for implementation, timelines and production order.

The transactions are sorted by Pert or Gant graphs that are more intuitive. It makes for weeks or half weeks.

  • Specification or economic valuation


It specifies the requirements to be considered in the preparation of the work. It is divided into general conditions of construction requirements or specific valuation or economic prescriptions.

These latter conditions are affecting the economic relationship between the contractor and the developer, for the work or product, ie the ways and means of making payments as well as how to assess products.

Reference is made ​​to the solvency of the contractor, indicating the bonds or deposits to make, and compensation to be done if the contractor leave the site.

We describe the method or system to measure parts of the work, shows the system and how to value the different work units, incomplete units and items raised. Treatment is inconsistent prices.

  • Reconsiderations


It is shown that specified in the project is executable on the venue and that is specified in the project.

The layout makes the project manager, assisted by the surveyor if civil works and the contractor.

There is a report of stakeout to sign the construction manager, contractor and developer.

Includes:

  • Results of the stakeout.
  • Place and date.
  • Bystanders.
  • Certification to origin


Is to verify the effective implementation of a particular item or product.

Is certified on units, components, supplies and activities.

Be included in projects, items and prices raised contradictory.

These measurements are made ​​by the project manager. The contractor does the document for and collect the items carried.

  • Treatments settlement of the work


  • Once the work is applicable to inspection after the last certification.
  • Will all the evidence that the project management order and verify that all data on the work function as projected.
  • It produces the delivery of the work and the provisional acceptance will depend on the type of product it may be necessary testing time.
  • The work is delivered to the designer and if after a time found defects that can be easily fixed, as corrected.
  • The payment of works occurs when deficiencies have been solved.
  • Warranty periods


The contractor and the designer have their liability. If the contractor is to cover damage to third parties or by poor work performance.

The guarantee period is from delivery to prescribed by law or as agreed by the parties.

The repayment terms of finance depending on the product brand. These warranty periods are:

  • Structures: 30.
  • Facilities: 10 years.
  • Machines: 15.
  • Industrial Products: 1 to 6 years.

The warranty covers defects and repairs.

  • Prices contradictory


The litigated that exists with the contractor and the developer is called contradictory value where price is derived contradictory. You can be the fault of the engineer who did not have any account in the project or because of a change in legislation. Usually arise:

More of a particular item.

That game is not needed in the budget.

That game is undervalued compared to the budget given.

  • Characteristics of the budget document


This document serves to determine the total amount of real and projected schedule of work. It is essential for the viability of the work or product. Its features are:

  • Prices are real effective and total amounts.
  • It is a reliable prediction.
  • It is about measurements.
  • It must be very detailed.

There are two types:

  • A project budget.
  • Budget request a product or industry.
  • Actions prior to conception of the budget


Purchasing Department request the price of materials including transportation and the price obtained on site.

Personnel department requesting the price of wages.

Request the Department of timing and methods, the time of manufacture, installation, implementation and / or assembly.

Request of the administrative costs of indirect labor.

Apply to management on% of profits to be applied.

Estimating the support of auxiliary means for obtaining execution of the work and technical feasibility.

Estimate the duration of the work with the review of costs.

  • Parts of a budget


Measurements and takeoffs:


Amounts to be executed by each unit of work and the same price.

Price:


Total price = price of materials + cost of labor.

Tables prices:


prices of journals, unit, broken down and totes.

  • Measurements necessary for the completion of a project


Consist in determining the amounts to be executed for each unit of work, for it is a list of measurements (Order No / No unit / quantity / size / partial / total).

The games are to be grouped into chapters, which are preset official work and private work tends to follow the same line.

Be indicated in words the amount of work units, which can be replaced by the letter of the totes.

  • What comprises the aggregation process?


Implementation is based on prices paid to measurements performed. It will be a summary of the chapters with their prices. Each item will apply their aggregation.

It consists of the following:

Execution budget material.

Overhead, in official work 16% on budget execution and private work material by 6%.

Industrial profit: in official work 6% of operating budget and private work material a 12% to 22%.

The sum of these costs is called 3 contract budget.

The sum of the above, raised taxes and items calledtotal budget.

  • Decomposed and auxiliary prices



  • Decomposed Prices:

    At this we rely for verification of measurable facts. Should reflect the essential measures and data sources. We must verify.

  • Prices assistants:

    are the units or items of work itself are decomposed price applied to the work. Can be part of decomposed prices.
  • Factors involved in the price of materials


  • Price of materials on site:
  • Net works.
  • Price of transport to our warehouse.
  • Store price of transport to work.
  • Price Storage

Rent or depreciation of stock.

Clean the warehouse.

Electricity.

Safe storage.

Interest expense.

Depreciation of the material.

  • Subjective factors


Are those that influence the price, such as plant size, percentage of supplies to be calibrated, general conditions of the facility, type of client to whom it is addressed, and level of competence of the work.

  • How are prices for labor?


It takes a picture of wages and crews which reflects the cost of total time in which they include all the factors that influence the cost of direct labor.

Also prices are indirect labor or overhead, which are:

  • The cost of administration.
  • The redemption price of the tools.
  • The industrial profit.
  • Deferred payment charges.
  • The allowance for loan losses surcharges.

  • Calculations of installation time and manufacturing

We calculate the time of preparation of the work, transport and transfer of workers, assembly and manufacture of elements, and waiting.

To calculate we will consider the seasonal and environmental elements, as well as psychological individuals.

  • Financial or economic feasibility study


You have to see if the product can be projected based on economic, technical and reliability.

Materials are chosen with the least economic cost to monitor the quality, also determining the jobs and the most appropriate and economic operators. At the end of the project is an analysis of product profitability (return on equity).

  • Fixed costs involved in a product


Are those that are made ​​from the beginning of the process, as all the material assets such as property, land, machinery, equipment, vehicles, processing, furniture, notaries, …

  • Technical and economic feasibility


Technique:


A study conducted to test the ability of a company from the technical point of view to manufacture a product. This is what usually makes a great company on a small, and is the guarantee of supply of material. The factors discussed are:

Study of the introduction and penetration of the company in the market.

Study of the introduction into the environment.

-Analysis of available technology in the factory.

Study of the location and accessibility.

-Suppliers.

-Maintenance.

Degree of standardization.

Economic: We analyze product profitability based on the projected budget and assumptions found as similar products on the market. We must optimize the materials to find the most profitable, seeing if it is economical and has high quality, based on profits.

  • Amortization


Is the loss of value occurs in a well and to be recovered.

It is said that a well has paid off when once their useful life can return to replace it.

The well is decreasing in value over time and we as “bake” the money for that when it is finished we have the money to replace it.

  • Incomplete units or items


These are items that expel the contractor or the developer, the construction manager does not want just made.

ITEM 6: TECHNICAL PROJECT PROCESSING “

  • Organizations applying for the processing of a project


Any body affected by the project may request processing:

  • Municipalities.
  • Ministry of Industry.
  • Ministry of Labour.
  • MOPU.
  • Ministry of Health.
  • Processing


When you have finished the project, it has to deal with before starting the work. It must meet the following criteria:

  • It is safe.
  • That is well designed.
  • Which is designed by qualified personnel.

Inspections that are submitted are:

Fitness.

Security: Covering health risks and protect the environment.

Planning.

For this, you first have to endorse the project by the school for which civil liability subsidiary along with the designer.

The project goes by government departments to apply for licenses.

The processing that is done the State, the answer denying, approving or not answering (administrative silence) in which case you can proceed.

  • Proceedings before the councils


Municipalities can issue the General Plan for Urban Development and Municipal Ordinances.

Municipalities classified into major and minor works.

The mayor may grant licenses, should enforce the ordinances and may impose sanctions.

After stamping the project must obtain the municipal license. To arrange an industry to the city council must request the license of the mayor handed him a copy of the instance in triplicate. This request goes to the council’s technical services that give it to other departments that approve. If they refuse, we must modify the project, and if accepted, give us permission to use municipal services.

  • Permissions handling of classified activities


For the installation, expansion or renovation of an activity must make a request in the municipality where you wish the activity.

The council’s technical services are divided into committees of the Commission on Classified Activities.

In making the filing process proceeds to the receipt of such, is subject to public information, which gives rise to claims. After passing the Provincial Commission, making the statement if annoying, unhealthy ,…, proposed corrective measures proposed to issue the report and takes the mayor to grant or not a license to open.

This process usually takes up to 6 months if this period is not answered, silence is considered a positive response.

  • Powers of the Provincial Commissions


Report of the Ordinances and Regulations in force, propose corrective measures and if appropriate provide information on areas suitable for activities and staff reports made ​​them.

The report is submitted to public information is then passed to the committee making the appropriate claims if any, and studying remedial measures, issuing a report that takes the mayor to give you a license or not.

  • What is the Industrial Registry?


This is where are recorded the industries that have been granted the license.

It is done to inform the administration that we exist and we will make something, to be reflected somewhere.

Requested by the engineer heading the project to start manufacturing the product and make it operational. It is mandatory for all companies that are market based in the ministry of industry.

We should specify: name, company name, domicile, fixed capital investments, land, investments, investments in machinery and equipment, surface solar energy. Everything will be signed by the promoter of the company.

The engineer who carried out the project must also sign. This will be needed to start manufacturing the product and start working.

  • Processing of the Ministry of Industry


We present a motion with the provincial delegate along with two copies of the draft taking into account the origin of the goods and raw materials, and the feasibility of the work. The Ministry has a month to reply.

Once executed the project must submit an application for license to start taking another month to reply.

In granting the license, the industry is registered in the Industrial Registry.