Terrorism, Fragile States, and Global Trade Concepts
Terrorism, Fragile States, and Global Trade
- Every country has its own definition of terrorism, making a universal definition difficult.
- Al Qaeda is smaller and doesn’t aim to create a country, while ISIS is larger and does.
- Mosul’s proximity to Turkey makes it key in fighting ISIS. Freeing Mosul could mark the end for ISIS.
- Fragile states have weak governance, limited capacity, humanitarian crises, social tensions, and violence.
- Less oversight in fragile states allows corruption and dangerous individuals to take control, increasing terrorism.
- Social indicators for fragility include demographic pressures, refugees, group grievances, and brain drain.
- Political/military indicators include state legitimacy, public services, human rights, security, elites, and intervention.
- Fragile states and terrorism are linked where fragility worsens, like in Syria and Yemen, due to weak governance.
Sugarcane: Inhabitants of New Guinea discovered that sugarcane is sweet and easily cultivated. Due to increased human appetite for sweets, sugarcane spread from New Guinea to Southeast Asia to India, from which it was taken by traders to China and what is now Iran… so on and so forth.
GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade): Reduces tariffs and other barriers to trade.
Exchange rate: How much of one country’s money can be bought with a specified amount of another country’s money.
Trade deficit: Difference between the value of goods/services a country buys from overseas and what it sells.
Trade surplus: Value of goods/services exported is greater than what is imported.
Fordism: Stressed mass production and centralization of production processes.
Post-Fordism: More decentralized.
Race to the Bottom: The relentless search for lower production costs in politically stable countries.
Decline of labor unions: Due to public perceptions, technological advances, political change, global competition, and the global financial crisis.
Insourcing: Making products in home countries.
Global safety: Important to keep the economy flowing and to keep employers, including child laborers, safe in working environments.
Subsidies: Influence people to overproduce.
A trade bloc is a type of intergovernmental agreement where barriers to trade are reduced or eliminated among the participating states. Ex. The North American Free Trade Agreement.
Adam Smith (Free economy, no government involvement). David Ricardo (need government interference).
Reasons for opposition to mega-regional trade deals: diversity of interests among its members results in delays.
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