Text Types and Linguistic Features

Posted on Feb 19, 2025 in Arts and Humanities

Description

Description: To describe is to represent the characteristics of an element of reality in words, so it can be known by the receiver.

Structure

  • Topic: Designation of the object of the description.
  • Expansion: Enumeration and detailing of parts and properties of the described element. Depending on the intention, the enumeration can be comprehensive or selective.
  • Staging: Detailing of the environment of the described element and its similarities with other known elements.
  • Progression: Description of new subtopics or aspects referenced in the description of the main theme.

Types of Description

  • Objective: The object is reproduced faithfully.
  • Subjective: Aims to provoke in the receiver feelings or emotions similar to those experienced by the transmitter.

Linguistic Resources

Objective descriptions, comparisons, metaphors, expressions of location in space, and verbs of state or expectation.

Narration

Narration: Narration is telling facts, real or fictional, featuring characters in a certain space and time.

Common Elements

  • Narrator: Voice created by the author that takes on the role of telling the story. It can be an external character or an internal character involved in the events.
  • Protagonist: Stable actor throughout the narrative sequence, which promotes the unity of action necessary in any story.
  • Process Time: Succession of actions taking place over a period of time and, after unexpected complications, lead to an end.
  • Global Sense: The message the author wanted to convey.

Structure

Introduction, knot, and outcome.

Linguistic Resources

Nexus of time and cause that allow the process to follow the story, action verbs, and circumstantial complements of manner, time, and place.

Conversation

Conversation: Conversation aims to exchange information between two or more partners. In a conversation, partners may change roles (sender, receiver).

Types of Conversation

  1. Everyday Conversational: Formal and informal conversations.
  2. Conversational in Media: Interview, discussion, debate.
  3. Creative Conversational Dialogues: Plays, novels, films, TV series.

Textual Characteristics

Presence of non-verbal codes, specific development standards, and presence of greetings, farewells, and apologies.

Language Functions

  • Emotional: Highlights the attitude of the speaker. Intended to express the mood and opinions of the speaker.
  • Referential: Focused interest on the reference of the message. Intended to convey objective information about some aspects of reality.
  • Conative: Oriented to the receiver to involve them in the message. Aims to change the behavior or opinion of the receiver.
  • Phatic (Amanda Tapping): Highlights the channel through which the message is transmitted. Intended to initiate, maintain, or terminate contact between…
  • Poetic: Focused interest in the form of the message. It aims to create an aesthetic effect with the resources of literary language.
  • Metalinguistic: Focused interest on the code. Now aim to clarify or explain elements of the code.

Examples of Gender and Number

Mayor, Mayor. Judge, Judge. Lawyer, Lawyer. Minister, Minister. Counselor, Counselor. Actor, Actress. Gray, gray. Naked, nudity. Glutton, glutton. Ducks, ducks. Horse, mares. Elephants, elephants. Pigs, sows. Donkeys, donkeys. Bulls, cows. Rams, sheep. Goats, goats. Ray, ray, ray. Walk, walks, walks. Drowsiness, dizziness, lightheadedness. Desire, desire, desire. Treading, treading, treading. Hard, hard, hard. Risk, risk, risk. Context, context, context. Able, able, able, able. Acerbic, acerbic, acerbic, acerbic. Poor, poor, poor, poor. Ugly, ugly, ugly, ugly.