Baptism
| Introduction to Christianity. | Water represents the regeneration of the spiritual life. | In the West, it is “I baptize you in the name…” | The ordinary minister is considered to be the bishop, priest, and deacon. | Every human being who has not received baptism can access it. | - Forgiveness of sins.
- Union with Christ given by the sacramental character.
- Gift of the Holy Spirit.
- Becoming an adopted child of God the Father.
- Becoming a member of the Church.
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Confirmation | To confirm and strengthen the grace received in baptism. | The imposition of hands and anointing with chrism. The chrism is prepared with olive oil mixed with perfume. | The imposition of hands and confirmation is the sign of our participation in Christ’s mission. The assignment, coupled with the anointing, expresses the indelible character with which we have been marked. | In the Latin Church, the ordinary minister of Confirmation is the bishop. | - Be administered to the faithful around the age of discretion (seven years).
- Or the age that the episcopal conference considers a given (in Spain, about 14 years).
| - Introduction to a deeper divine filiation.
- Stronger union with Christ.
- Increase the gifts of the Holy Spirit.
- Perfection of our bond with the Church.
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Communion (Eucharist) | Sacrifice of the Body and Blood of Jesus. | - It uses unleavened bread, wheat, and recent.
- The wine must be pure, the fruit of the vine, natural and genuine, with no foreign substances and not altered. It is mixed with a little water.
| “Do this in remembrance of me.” | Only validly ordained priests can validly celebrate the Eucharist. | Every baptized person can and should be admitted to communion unless they have a disability. | - Increase in sanctifying grace.
- Specific sacramental grace.
- Forgiveness of venial sins.
- Pledge of eternal life.
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Penance | Sacrament of forgiveness, repentance, and confession of sins. | Contrition, confession, and penance compliance, although since the beginning of theological reflection about penance, it was difficult to determine the subject matter of this sacrament. | It consists of the sentence of the priest: “I absolve you from your sins in the name of the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit.” | The presiding bishop used only public penance. Since private penance became general, the minister was the priest. | Any person who, having committed a serious or venial sin, goes to confession with the proper dispositions, and has no impediment to receive absolution. | Reconciliation with God and forgiveness of sins. |
Anointing of the Sick | Links the patient more closely to the Passion of Christ. | Oil blessed each year at the Chrism Mass of Holy Thursday. | The priest makes the sign of the cross three times on the forehead and hands of the patient. Meanwhile, the priest repeats: “Through this holy anointing and his love and mercy, the Lord will help you with the grace of the Holy Spirit. So that he frees you from sin, grants you salvation, and comforts you in your illness. Amen.” | Only priests or bishops can be ministers of this sacrament. | - The subject must be baptized and have the use of reason.
- They must have the intention to receive and manifest.
| - A special gift of the Holy Spirit.
- Forgiveness of sins.
- Binding to the Passion of Christ.
- An ecclesial grace.
- Preparation for the passage to eternal life.
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Holy Orders | Sacrament by which the mission entrusted by Christ to his apostles is conferred. | It is the imposition of hands. | These are the words meant to determine the sacramental purpose of such imposition of hands. | A consecrated bishop is the minister of the sacrament of Holy Orders. | - Ordination is required to be male.
- Legality requires the following conditions:
- Carry out the tests and prescribed conditions.
- Have the qualities necessary in the opinion of their bishop or major superior of the religious order.
- Not be affected by an irregularity or impediment.
| It involves a configuration with Christ that enables a person to act as his representative in their capacity as Head of the Church in the three functions of priest, prophet, and king. |
Marriage | Celebrating the union of a man and a woman in the community and God. | Since there is nothing natural that the contract has been raised to the order of grace, the words of consent are regarded as the matter of the sacrament, but also the form as the expressed acceptance of the donation that marriage entails. | It is considered that the ministers are the spouses themselves, with the priest as a witness who receives, on behalf of the Church, the consent of the husband and wife. | Only those who have the sacraments of baptism, communion, and confirmation, besides which do not appear impaired. | - The marriage that is established by God himself.
- The grace of the sacrament perfects the love of spouses and strengthens their unity.
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