The main stages of cold war.
ROAD
TO INDEPENDENCE: The
Average settlers were young men. Almost half of the population were slaves and
Indentured servants, who cannot pay for their passages and someone buy them to
Work for several years until they cover the cost of the trip.
Report:
Journey to Pennsylvania.
Gottlieb Mittelberger was an
Indentured servant who wrote this text to report the harshness of the journey
And his purpose was to prevent other people from going to New Land and leaving fatherland.PROBLEMS ABOUT THE
HOURNEY: It takes very long time to arrive to
America.
§ Bad
Condition of food and water àhunger and anxiety.
§ Lack
Of spaceàovercrowded
Ship
§ Lice (piojo), louse (piojos)
§
Storms à which would cause shipwrecks
§
Quarrels (disputes i baralles)
§
Illnesses, people dying § Broken
Families: if there’s a mother with a child and she dies, they throw both the
Mother and baby into water. It was like that because the baby would die without
Food. § Home-sickness. PROBLEMS OF BEING AN INDENTURED SERVANT: If you marry and you don’t
Want to be servant anymore, you must pay.
§ Young
People have to serve more years (concretely 21) than old people. § Masterswerenotkind.Butitwasvery
Difficult to escape and people would be punished with more years. (+ work)
When
They land, only the ones that could pay their passage could leave. The ones who
Cannot pay, because the passages were expensive, were purchased as servants.
The others frequently died in 2 or 3 weeks. Moreover,In the New World–
There were better health conditions – more
Space and less people than in Europe.
- Natural
Increase due to:
è Lower death
Rates – less diseases è High birth rates
Regional distinction between colonies
New England (in
The north). è Winters were very harsh. è Their economy was based on
Water à thanks
To the amount of trees there was
shipbuilding and sea trade.
è They benefit financially from slave trade.
Middle colonies è More
Cosmopolitan because they had more immigration from different places, not
only English. è Economy
Based on fur trade (from hunting) and cottage industries (cotton – clothes
and shoes).
Southern colonies è Rural.
è
Based at the beginning on plantation system, with
Slaves working there. è Emergence of aristocracy.
Developments:
Printing press allowed
:
Puritan sermons and first newspapers – spread of news Stagecoach
These allowed more communication: news could move around more easily.
This lead to feeling of unity between colonies, which in a future lead to
Nationalism and independence.
Structure of Government in the Colonies:
In the 17th C England left the colonies because of the English
Civil War. The colonies started to govern themselves. Then, there was also a colonial
Assembly (who
Helped the governor) elected by votes.
§
The British king imposed
Laws on the Native American colonies which made colonies worse – because
England has returned to monarchy. So, they imposed Navigation
Laws, which
Caused discontent and the members of the colonies started to have feelings
Against the British. These laws gave more important to the English commerce:
The English would be the only to import or export with them (like a monopoly).
People in colonies did not agree and smuggling began to be an opportunity to
Commerce illegally with other countries. English were not doing things that
Benefit them and maybe didn’t want the best for them. §
French and Indian War –
Between UK and France. France did an alliance with
Natives against UK. The French and Natives were defeated: most of the people
That were fighting were living in colonies. The British achieved more territory
By winning. However, in 1763 the British king decided that it was not safe
Because the natives that continued living there could attack them. §
Royal Proclamation 1763
As the British king was
Scared of the natives, he created the Royal proclamation line.
This line divided
Territories and the natives couldn’t cross
the line. Also, the British in colonies started to feel
angry
Because they could not use the territory they
fought for.
This event
Made the natives felt that if they united
they could winàfeelings of
Unity and moral
superiority to the British. This feeling of superiority
was also
Inherited by puritan colonies.àPatriotism The British did one
Last thing: they increased the taxes to the Natives. While they did this, they
Didn’t allow people from colonies to be members of the parliament. This caused
More unity between the natives: “No
Taxation without representation!” THE
ENLIGHTENMENT – 18th
C : This
Movement was centred on rationality.
Its main ideas were the following:
MAN is on the centre of existence, because man
Is the rational being.
Man is part of nature but he is superior because of his rationality.
The
Enlightenment would believe that happiness
is achieved
Through rationality and science.
They also believe that a man would be responsible for destiny because of his capacity to use rationality.
Rationality allow them to
Have the privilege of liberty.