The Protestant Reformation and the Rise of New Powers
Protestant Reformation:
Humanism had changed the way we understand the world, ke affected the role of iglesia.Habian been many criticisms against the excessive luxury of the popes, against the political role of bishops, clergy and against the ignorant and corrupt . In the early 16th century German Augustinian friar named Martin Luther proposed a religious reform and caused the division of Christendom.
“luterarismo:
Luther in 1517 I put a paper with 95 proposals for reform of the church at the gates of Wittenberg . Luther’s text was widely reported and is proposed to get pole roma.No break with the Roman church but the positions were up radiclizandose ke excomulgado.El matter was reached political dimensions when German princes supported muxos luther and decided not to recognize the authority of papa.El initial reason Luther’s protest was the preaching of the bulls all papales.Acabaria developing a reform proposal ke relligiosa.Defendia the relationship with God is established only through faith without intermediarios.Enconsecuencia “rexazaban the jerarkia ecclesiastical-ke everything a believer ought to know was contained in the Bilbi, rexazaba muxisimos doctrinal aspects of the church denied the cult of the Virgin and the saints.
-Calvinism:
Zwingli and Calvin joined the break with roma.La main contribution was the belief in predestination, the segidores of reform began to be known by the generic name of Protestant Anglicanism:
the king married enrike 8 catalina, daughter of the Catholic kings, I ask the papaclemente 7 the nullity of marriage in order to marry being denied enrike bolera.Al ana decided to leave the Church of Rome and proclaimed the head of the church is ttrato inglaterra.No dostrinal a break if not only jerarkika but soon began to accept some Protestant principles to build a new church, Church of England ladenominada.
Carlos1:
a / advent of the house of Austria: the accession of Charles 1 son of Philip the Handsome and Joanna the Mad introduced in Spain Royal House of Habsburg or augsburgo.La hegemony of Spain and remained enn europa.B america /Carlos 1 biography: born in Ghent and educated in flandes.Era son of Philip the Handsome and Joanna the loca.Llego to Spain in 1517 surrounded by a court of flamingos ke politicos.Fue took up offices abroad considered a failure to recognize the language, customs, traditions and ask españa.Esto .. Of the Castilian Cortes money to pay the money for the coronation as emperor of Germany was levo to two facts: ·
war communities · germanias.C / internal politics: the Tension erupted in 1519 for expenses as eleccioon ke supposed emperador.El his discomfort sublebaciones materialized in two “war of communities: the uprising began 14 cities met in castellanas.Los tordesillas commoners with Juana, recognized as the ke reina.Los unique villagers were defeated at the battle of Villalar by troops from carlos padilla 1.The main leaders are brave and germanium maldonado.: valencia.Fueron took place in associations ke guilds were established against the emperor no agree to pay to pay the expense of the coronation as emperor.
d / foreign policy: its objectives are: • Maintain the Roman Catholic religion throughout his empire to extend control · maintaining hegemonia.-war France: the King of France 1 was deseoaso increase their heritage as carlos of increasing the austria.El house main point of friction between the two monarchs was the duchy of italia.Se milan.La disputed victory obtained was francisco carlos 1 and exo prisoner at the battle of paula, 1525.España lost in the duchy of Burgundy and France milanesado.-the war against the Turks: the defense of Christianity against the Turkish threat and defending the interests Genoese were the causes of the clash against turcos.Dirigidos by Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent, came by land, the sigiendo Danube to the gates of Vienna finally anke retiraron.Pero danger remained in the abdication of Charles mediterraneo.-1: decided to abdicate in his son Philip and retire to the monastery of xusto-8caceres). Had not achieved a satisfactory solution for either their problems, despite having spent enormous energy and ke recursos.La only question left unresolved was his eredero submission of the crown of Castile to the will of their king gave ke confident it can provide its rikeza d, greatly enhanced by gold and silver from America.
Felipe2:
a / how do I get to govern?: to withdraw from the government divided its dominii CARLOS 5: “His ermano Fernando received the crowns of Castile and Aragon, with all its popsesiones in Italy and America, besides the Netherlands (Flanders) and condado.B franc / objectives of its policy “to maintain the Catholic religion throughout his empire to extend control the maintenance hegemonia.C / foreign policy:” war against France: the luxas with franciae, ke ended maspor depletion of the contenders ke porke ince had been an end to the rivalry aunke Felipe 2 abtuvo important victory at the Battle of St. Kintin (1557)-war against the Turks: Turks, segi ke threaten shipping and trade for the battle was led mediterraneo.La by Don Juan de Austria, consigio defeat at the Battle of Lepanto (1571)-war England: the struggle for “porke England aspires to mastery of the seas-porke England and becomes the leader of Spain defended the Protestants and Catholics . For this consegue felipe 2 is a large navy ekipo “ the arminvencible”pero ada ke izo temporary strong armed DIXA torn off and defeated by ingleses.Esto for Spain marked the beginning of political and economic decline for the first cnvertirse England maritime power in the mundo.D / union of Portugal: with the incorporation of Portugal to the possessions of felipe 2 didactic consigio union of the kingdoms peninsulares.Felipe 2 was Derex portuges succession to the throne by his mother Elizabeth of portugal.
Cuando don sebastian the king of Portugal died without leaving any descendants Felipe 2 portugesa.Los potugeses claim the crown refused to accept in principle felipe 2 but this sent troops by land and sea ke forced the decision to take his cuts favor.Las meeting in 1581 proclaimed king of Portugal United felipe there as felipe 1.E/fin and withdrawal of the slag reeinado: felipe around 2 contains a black legend Don Carlos son of felipe 2 and Maria of Portugal was mentally ill and his illness led him to rebel against his father padre.Su locked himself in his palace where he died of black legend excesos.Esta was exploited by the enemies of this felipe2 and sick and tired of the intrigues and wars retired to the monastery where he would die of the heap.