Understanding Basic Physical Education Concepts: Strikes, Drives, Stops, and More
Golpeos (Strikes) – Classification
1) Struck with a part of the body: If made with any part of the surface of the executor segment (hand, foot) – Hit with an implement when done with any instrument governed by a body segment.
2) Given the subject and the object:
- Static: Subject and object are not in motion.
- Dynamic: Subject and object are in motion.
- Combined: A combination of static and dynamic movements.
3) The body part that is hit: Over the shoulder, lateral.
Strikes – Motion Analysis
1) Preparation and Adjustment: Guiding the body and adjusting the trajectory of the mobile object to make contact in the right place.
2) Contact: The point in space where the executor segment and the mobile object collide; there is an exchange of energy between the two.
3) Accompaniment: The common path and time between the executor surface and the mobile segment, depending on the initial velocity and direction of the object.
Driving – Movement Analysis
1) Preparation and Adjustment: Guiding the body and the object to produce contact in the right place.
2) Contact: The executor segment strikes the mobile object.
3) Follow-through: The executor segment follows and controls the mobile object, having it at their disposal according to the needs of the moment.
Conducción (Driving) – Classification
Direct: If performed with any tool directed by the performing segment.
Indirect: When done with any instrument governed by a body segment (spades, stick).
Stops – Movement Analysis
1) Anticipation: Receiving the object or anticipating its path and predicting its potential trajectory.
2) Contact: The point in space where the object and the individual meet.
3) Buffer: Applying a force of deceleration or braking to the mobile object.
4) Preparation: Placing the object in the best disposition for use, if necessary, for the next action.
Stops – Classification
1) Static: The subject is standing.
2) Dynamic: The subject is moving.
Body Flows – Body Expression
1) Spectacular or Performing Arts: Theater, dance, and mime are top representatives of bodily expression, transmitting a message to the public.
2) Psychological: Expression and technique; discovery of the body in relation to others.
3) Metaphysics: Techniques and Eastern philosophies like Yoga and meditation.
4) Pedagogical: Block content of the Physical Education area; use of psychoeducational techniques appropriate for school education.
Strength – Classification
1) Slow (Strength-Endurance): Overcoming resistance is carried out slowly and steadily. Maximum power should be excluded from working with children.
2) Quick (Strength-Speed): The ability to overcome resistance with great speed.
3) Explosive: The ability to generate maximum muscle tension with the least opposition possible.
Speed – Classification
1) Reaction: The ability to perform a motor response to a stimulus in the shortest time possible.
2) Gestural: The time spent on the execution of any gesture.
3) Displacement: The ability to travel a short distance in the shortest time possible.
Body Health Effects of Physical Activity
Physiological
A) Improvement and Development of the Locomotor Apparatus: The locomotor system is continuously subjected to mechanical actions of pressure, tension, bending, and torsion. These actions promote development processes when applied with appropriate frequency and intensity.
B) Adaptation of the Cardiovascular System: Physical exercise causes the heart, arteries, and veins to respond by coordinating the power requirements of muscle action.
C) Adaptation and Improvement of the Respiratory System: Adequate physical activity produces improvements and increases in respiratory capacity, leading to increased vital capacity of the lungs, improved muscle elasticity, and increased capacity for ventilation and deep breathing.
D) Body Composition and Obesity: Physical activity is associated with small reductions in fat mass and small increases in muscle mass.
E) Blood Pressure and Cholesterol Levels: Exercise often causes a decrease in blood pressure and lower cholesterol levels.
Psychological
A sense of well-being and enjoyment can develop from the practice of physical activity. Exercise can have positive emotional effects.
Social
Physical activity is often prescribed by educators as a kind of panacea for education and socialization. Engaging in competitive activities affects the individual’s chances of interaction and impacts their ability to communicate and relate with others.
Contents of Physical Education for Health
1) Prevention: (Previous exploration, control of contingencies)
2) Physical Conditions and Health: (Muscular strength, aerobic endurance, reaction speed, flexibility and joint mobility, body composition)
3) Healthy Lifestyle: (Adequate food, effort and adequate rest, proper posture, knowledge and first aid, personal hygiene)
Strength Activities – Basic Primary Education
1) First Cycle: The work should seek improvement, exercising with your own body through games.
2) Second Stage: Activities with your body: use of all motor patterns, unusual movements.
3) Third Cycle: Besides all the above activities, gym activities with items for carrying, pushing, climbing, and throwing objects.
Speed Activities – Basic Primary Education
1) First Cycle: Working with all kinds of games and varied activities, running breaks, relays. In no case should maximum speed be worked on.
2) Second Stage: Reaction speed activities, responding to stimuli with movements, tasks that improve neuromuscular coordination games, short distance runs.
3) Third Cycle: Works for all types of speed: displacement, reaction, and gestural. Elementary acrobatics on the floor, jumps, and multi-hops. Activities involving scrolling speed.