Understanding Customer Types and Commercial Contracts

Posted on Nov 17, 2024 in Economy

Customers

A customer is a person or company involved in a commercial transaction.

Client Classes

According to Distribution Chain

  • Wholesale Customers
  • Retail Customers
  • Late Clients

According to Product Relation

  • Impulsive Customers: Customers with no specific brand preference, choosing the first option available.
  • Reflective Customers: Customers who spend time considering the purchase, focusing on value for money.
  • Money-Conscious Customers: Customers prioritizing the lowest price.
  • Emotional Customers: Customers with strong brand loyalty.

According to Purchase Frequency

  • Leads: Potential future customers.
  • Faithful Clients: Customers consistently purchasing the same product.
  • Occasional Clients: Customers making infrequent purchases.

After-Sales Service

Service provided by the seller post-transaction.

Supplier Research and Selection

Begins with market research to identify and evaluate potential suppliers based on quality, price, and service.

Steps

  1. Locate suppliers through various channels (TV, radio, internet, etc.).
  2. Contact suppliers to request information on quality, price, warranty, etc.
  3. Assess and choose suppliers based on a comparative analysis.

Commercial Contracts

A verbal or written agreement obligating parties to perform specific actions or services.

Contract Classes

By Form

  • Verbal: Formalized through spoken words.
  • Written: Documented in writing.

By Legal Regulation

  • Typical: Governed by specific laws and commercial codes.
  • Atypical: Created by the parties, not conforming to standard legal contracts.

By Record

  • Public: Contracts written with notary intervention.
  • Private: Contracts between individuals, formalized in writing or orally.

By Applicable Law

  • Civil: Contracts between non-traders or entrepreneurs.
  • Commercial: Contracts between merchants and businesses.
  • Administrative: Contracts related to public administration.
  • Labor: Contracts concerning workers in a company.

By Party Strength

  • Equalitarian Contracts: Terms negotiated and agreed upon by both parties.
  • Adhesive Contracts: Terms set by one party, accepted or rejected by the other.

Sales Contracts

Obligates one party to deliver goods and the other to pay a fair price.

  • Material Elements: Subject (goods delivery) and Price (monetary value).
  • Personal Elements: Buyer (receives goods) and Seller (delivers goods).

Seller’s Obligations

  • Conserve and safeguard the goods.
  • Deliver within the agreed time and place.
  • Provide guarantees.

Buyer’s Obligations

  • Pay the price within the specified period.
  • Pay interest for late payments.
  • Cover transportation costs if applicable.

Insurance Contracts

  • Insurer: Compensates for damages in exchange for a premium.
  • Insured: Person or entity covered by insurance.
  • Object: Person or thing insured.

Leasing Contracts

Allows companies to use goods for a period by paying fees, with options to return, renew, or purchase.

Types of Leases

  • Financial Leasing: Involves supplier, user, and leasing company, with a purchase option.
  • Operating Leasing: Involves vendor and lessee, with the vendor acting as lessor.

Goods Ordering

Process of ordering items needed by a store, formalized through letter, fax, telephone, order form, or trade representative.

Order Classes

  • Firm Orders: Buyer and seller agree on transaction terms.
  • Conditional Orders: Buyer sets conditions known to the seller without prior notification.