Understanding Dialogue and Linguistic Elements
Dialogue and Its Functions
Dialogue is reproduced in a direct way to exchange words between two or more partners. These partners interact and change their message based on what they say. The basic functions are:
- Expressive: Or emotional, because the emitter expresses what he feels.
- Conative: Because it incites the receiver to act or respond.
- Phatic: Because it is necessary to check whether the speaker and listener continue the conversation.
Dialogue belongs to spoken language. We also use gestures. In written dialogues, which often occur mixed with narrative description, the use of punctuation is very important to reflect intonation.
Context and Purpose of Dialogue
Based on the context and purpose, dialogues can be classified into:
- Spontaneous: Face-to-face conversations where colloquial language is used and have a variable duration.
- Planned: Such as interviews. By subject, the language used is standard colloquial, but has a limited duration.
Structure of Dialogue
The structure of dialogues varies. But a conversation usually presents these parts orally:
- Opening: Greetings, courtesy formulas.
- Topic Proposal: Asking what interests us.
- Development: Exchange of information and opinions in arguments between partners.
- Closure: To conclude, valuation formulas, meeting, and farewell.
Interrogative Pronouns
Interrogative pronouns are used for direct and indirect questions.
- Who: Refers to people, invariably, has no markers of gender or number, and may be accompanied by a preposition.
- What: Refers to things, is invariable, and may be accompanied by a preposition.
There are a few adjectives that act as interrogative pronouns when the noun is understood: What and How (variable adjectives). Adverbs can act as interrogative pronouns: When, Where, How. In a sentence, we can replace more than one item with a weak pronoun, so that they form combinations.
Standards:
- When two pronouns are apostrophized, the apostrophe is on the right.
- Combined pronouns before the verb can be entered separately, apostrophized to each other or to the verb.
- Behind the verb, they can be joined with hyphens and apostrophes or hyphens.
- The order of placement of weak pronouns is: 3rd person reflexive (se) – 2nd person (te, us) – 1st person (me, us) – 3rd person (el, la, els, les, li) – adverbial (hi) – neutral (en).
Juxtaposed sentences are formed by two or more simple sentences joined by commas or semicolons. The letter ‘s’ represents two phonemes: voiceless or voiced.
Writing ‘s’ and ‘z’:
- Voiced-S: Between vowels and in derivatives and compounds with ‘trans’.
- Z: At the beginning of words, after a consonant in culturisms of Greek origin, and terminations -zoic, -zoide, and -zou.
- Voiceless-S: At the beginning and end of words. Before or after a consonant.
- Ss: Between vowels.
- C: Before vowels ‘e’ and ‘i’. In the initial position and between consonant and vowel.
- Ç: Before vowels ‘a’, ‘o’, and ‘u’. In the final word position.
Barbarism and Language Transfer
A barbarism is a word from another language that is used instead of the word that already exists in your own language to designate the same concept. A language transfer is the misuse of a foreign word in one’s own language during the process of learning another language. It is very common in bilingual communities.