Understanding Different Diet Types and Their Applications
Normal Baseline Diet
Content: Daily average (g) Protein 110, Lipids 85, Carbohydrates 340. Dietary Fiber: 25g (Balanced); modest reduction in animal fats and salt, high fiber, high protein intake. Nutrient content exceeds the usual necessities.
Suitable for:
- In its variant without soluble sugars, it is suitable for diabetic patients not requiring specific dietary restriction.
- In the variant without salt, some canned food and industrial products that contain salt are removed.
- In the variant with salt, it is suitable for patients with mild sodium restriction.
Easy Mastication Diet
Content: Daily average (g) Protein 100, Lipids 70, Carbohydrates 250. Easy to chew and swallow. It’s a texture-modified diet. May require vitamin supplements. Contains food easy to chew and swallow. Elimination of fibrous foods, fruits, and raw vegetables.
Suitable for: Patients with chewing problems, no teeth/defective dentures, weakness, dysphagia, and the transition from parenteral or tube feeding to solid foods.
Crushed Diet
Content: Daily average Protein 65g, Lipids 55g, Carbohydrates 200g. Moderately hypocaloric. Pasty or liquid consistency. Organoleptic qualities make it very unappetizing. Consider the alternative diet: easy chewing. Contains liquid foods and crushed foods. The main courses have a predetermined composition. It is insufficient in micronutrients, provided the patient can ingest the required amount. Culinary techniques produce a loss of vitamins. You can specify caloric and vitamin supplements.
Suitable for: Patients without teeth, defective dentures, weakness, inability to chew, dysphagia, in the transition from tube or parenteral feeding to solid food.
High Fiber Diet
Content: Daily average: Protein 100g, Lipids 75g, Carbohydrates 240g. Very high in fiber (35-40g). Rich in fruits and vegetables, at least one serving with each meal.
Suitable for: Constipation, diverticulosis, some cases of irritable bowel.
Liquid Diet
Liquid calorie diet. Provides a source of oral fluid in patients unable to swallow or digest solid food. It contains foods that are liquid or semi-liquid at room temperature, broth, soups, creams, juices, and milk. If it does not contain milk, it is insufficient in calories and nutrients unless expressly stated. It can be supplemented with an enteral formula by mouth.
Suitable for: The transition to solid foods after surgery in conjunction with parenteral nutrition, impaired chewing/swallowing, gastrointestinal stenosis, acute care. In its variants without soluble sugars, natural juices can be included in limited quantities.
Semi-Soft Diet
Content: Daily average Protein 90g, Lipids 55g, Carbohydrates 260g. Easy chewing and digestion. Hypocaloric, low in lipids. Semi-solid foods low in lactose, easily digestible, contains no fried or very fatty foods or spicy foods. Low in animal protein and raw solid foods. It is less palatable than the diet of easy chewing.
Suitable for: Transition to solid foods after surgery, disorders of chewing/swallowing, gastric pathology, acutely ill patients, biliary disease, liver disease that does not require severe protein restriction, and mild digestive disorders.
Soft Diet
Content: Daily average (g) Protein 100, Lipids 60, Carbohydrates 260. Diet of easily digestible foods (not necessarily easy chewing). Moderately low-fat and moderately astringent. It is insufficient in nutrients, provided that the patient can ingest the required amount. Absence may require vitamin supplements of vegetables and fruits. No fried or breaded foods. Low in insoluble fiber. Little spicy. Contains milk and easily digestible animal protein. You can include some hard-to-chew fibrous foods (meat).
Suitable for: Debilitated patients or after artificial feeding, can be split into 6 meals, after gastric surgery, gastric pathology, mild biliary or digestive disorders.