Understanding Economic and Urban Sectors: Key Concepts
Economic and Urban Sectors: Key Concepts
Tertiary Sector – Offers services and activities.
Tertiary Sector Economic – Encompasses all companies developing their activities (transportation, trade, advertising, etc.).
Tertiary Sector Social Welfare – Includes services that society needs (health, justice, leisure, etc.).
Directional Tertiary Sector / Higher / Quaternary – Activities related to the management, planning, and control of public institutions, enterprises, and society (public officials, senior executives, etc.).
Tertiary Public Sector – Services provided by the government, supervised by the State.
Public Sector Tertiary Indirect – Services provided through concerts, supervised and financed by the State.
Private Tertiary Sector – Companies that provide services to other companies or individuals.
Network Specific Transport Energy – Natural gas, pipelines, electricity networks.
Internal Trade – Trade within the borders of the state where goods are manufactured.
Wholesale – Trade in large quantities, providing goods to middlemen and consumers.
Retail – Selling directly to consumers.
Temporary Trade – Concentrated within a specified time (fairs, weekly markets).
Permanent Trade – Ongoing trade activities.
Trade Evolution:
- Craft Workshops (Pre-industrial)
- Shopping Centres (Lafayette – late nineteenth century)
- Supermarkets (twentieth century)
- Hypermarkets (1950s)
- Mail Order Catalogs (1960s)
- Shopping Centers with Entertainment (1980s)
- TV Shopping (1990s)
- Internet Shopping (from 1990s)
Foreign Trade – Trade outside the country where goods are manufactured.
Balance of Trade – An indicator calculated from the difference between the values of imported and exported products.
Tourism – Travel that requires being away from home for more than 24 hours.
Indicators of Tourism in an Area:
- Percentage of tourist beds (hotel rooms)
- Nights spent by tourists (days)
- Average cost per day (expenses)
Types of Tourism – Depending on destination, order, or time of year (seasonal).
Analyzers of Tourist Companies:
- Dedicated to organizing the trip (Wholesale Plan, tourist, Retail Agents)
- Tourist services (hotels, camping, etc.)
- Leisure activities (skiing, parks, etc.)
Urban Area – Territory considered a city but does not affect in any way.
Central City – Attracts population and serves as a political and economic center.
Metropolitan Area – Economic and social interrelations with the central city.
Conurbations – Union of cities economically and socially independent but functionally linked (e.g., Tarragona – Vila-Seca – Salou).
Megalopolis – Grand conurbation with many people (e.g., Liverpool – Manchester – Leeds).
Agora – Classical cities’ cultural center after the 5th century BC.
Acropolis – Holy City, the center of the city after the classical period AC.
Hipodàmic Map – Streets ordered and created for easy orientation, as in Miletus by Hipòdom.
Cardo and Decumanus – Main Streets of Roman plans, the first North-South and the second East-West.
Forum – The most important part of the Roman city, situated between the crossroads of the Cardo and Decumanus.
Irregular Plan – Narrow, winding streets (typical of medieval villages).
Radiocentric Map – The streets start from a central point, a church or castle (medieval Christian city) or a mosque (Muslim medieval towns).
Grid Plan – Rectilinear, street corners are cut perpendicularly.
Linear Map – Streets on both sides of a means of communication (road, rail, etc.).
Industrial Estates – Concentration of factories with a good transport system.
Bedroom Cities – Urban communities with a residential character, where inhabitants travel daily to work in a nearby town.
Residential Neighborhoods – Part of the cities of North America and Australia where people live; in southern countries, where most live well, it is an unreal world.
Slums – Where marginalized people live; favelas (Brazil), Ranchitos (Venezuela), Bidonvilles (Morocco).
Central Business District – CBD, part of the cities of North America and Australia full of skyscrapers to save space; financial center, business, and culture with excellent communication.
National Metropolis – Influences other cities.
Regional Metropolis – Secondary in part to medium-sized cities.
County or Provincial Capitals – Have influence on the next population.