Understanding Electricity: Key Concepts and Definitions
Electricity: Key Concepts
Here’s a breakdown of key concepts in electricity:
Insulator
A material without charged particles, through which charges do not flow easily.
Electric Field
Force X loading unit. It can be considered as an “aura” surrounding charged objects, and is a storehouse of energy. Around a charged body, the field decreases with distance following the inverse square law. Between parallel plates with opposite charge, the field is uniform.
Capacitor or Condenser
An electrical device, two parallel conducting plates separated by a small distance, which stores electrical charge and energy.
Conductor
Material that contains free charged particles that flow easily through it when a force acts on them electric.
Conservation of Charge
The electric charge is neither created nor destroyed. The total charge before an interaction equals the total charge after it.
Coulomb
SI unit of electric charge. 1 C = 6.25 x 10 ^ 18 electrons
Electrically Polarized
A term applied to an atom or molecule in which charges are aligned, so that one side has a slight excess of positive charge, while the other has a slight excess of negative charge.
Electricity
A general term to indicate electrical phenomena, such as the relationship of the gravity with gravitational phenomena, sociology or social phenomena.
Electrostatics
Study of electrical charge at rest (not in motion, as in electrical current)
Electrical Potential Energy
The energy possessed by a charged object by its location in an electric field.
Coulomb’s Law
Relationship between force and electric charge and distance
Electric Potential
The electric potential energy for unit load, is expressed in volts and is called voltage: If the charges are de = sign, the force is repulsive, if they have different signs, the force is attractive.
Voltage
Electric potential energy / charge amount.
Semiconductors
Material that behaves accustom as isolators sometimes as conductors. Thin layers of semiconductor materials, one over another, form the transistors, which are used to control the flow of currents in the circuits, to detect and amplify radio signals and to produce oscillations in the transmitter, also function as digital switches .
Superconductors
Drivers with resistance 0 (infinite conductivity). It thrives in low temperatures.
Magnetic Field
The region of magnetic influence around a magnetic pole or a particle with electric charge in motion. It is produced by the movement of electric charge. The magnetic field is a byproduct of relativistic electric field. The direction of the field outside a north pole magnet to the south.
Magnetic Domains
Regions grouped into magnetic atoms aligned. When those regions are aligned with each other, the substance that contains a magnet.
Electromagnet
A magnet whose field is produced by an electric current. Usually take the form of a coil of alamabre with a piece of iron inside. Its strength is limited by the heating of the current-carrying coils.
Magnetic Force
1) Among magnets, is the mutual attraction of different magnetic poles, and the mutual repulsion of magnetic poles equal.
2) Between magnetic field and charged particle moving electrical is a force deviatoric due to movement particle. That force diverting is perpendicular to the velocity of the particle and perpendicular to magnetic field lines. Paticular is maximum when the load moves in the direction perpendicular to the field lines, and is zero when moving in a direction parallel to them.
Cosmic Rays
Protons and other atomic nuclei in the universe. Some of them are trapped in outer confines lso the geomagnetic field and form radiation belts Van Allen. The bombardment of cosmic rays is greatest at the magnetic poles.
Van Allen Belts
Two rings, donut-shaped land surrounding
Aurora
Produced by disturbances in the Earth’s field, which allow ions to soak in the atmosphere and make it glow like a fluorescent lamp.
- The magnetic poles can not be isolated, if the electric charges.
- In common magnets that produces the movement is the spin of electrons.
- A pair of electrons revolving in the same direction form a strong magnet +. However, if counter-rotating magnetic fields cancel.
- The most common magnets made from alloys of iron, nickel and cobalt.