Understanding Home Electrical Systems
Electrical Installation in Housing
Electrical installations power homes, ensuring safety and proper equipment function. These installations must comply with low-voltage electrical regulations (REBT). Homes typically use 230V single-phase power, while workshops and industries use 400V three-phase.
Electrification Types
- Basic: 230V power
- High: 400V power for larger homes (over 160 m2)
Constituent Elements of an Electrical Installation
An electrical installation comprises the link installation and the market installation:
1. Link Installation
- Connection Point: Connects to the general distribution network, including safety and general protection.
- General Safety Protection Fuse: Protects the main power line and is located outside the building.
- Meter Centralization: Houses the meter, protection elements, and individual connections.
The Electric Meter
Measures electricity consumption in kWh (1 kWh = 1 kW consumed for 1 hour).
Grounding Terminals
Connect individual protection devices to the earth for each connection, protecting against indirect contact.
Individual Differentiation
The meter connects to the control and protection elements of each dwelling. It consists of three-phase conductors, a neutral conductor, and a protection conductor.
Installation Panel
Contains safety, protection, and control elements for the interior installation. It’s usually located near the home’s entrance. The panel contains:
- ICPM (Maximum Power Control Switch): Automatically cuts power when the current exceeds the allowed limit (e.g., 25A for 5750W at 230V).
- IGA (General Automatic Switch): Protects against short circuits and overcurrents.
- ID (Differential Switch): Protects against electrocution by detecting leaks and cutting off power.
- PIAs (Small Circuit Breakers): Protect individual circuits against overloads and short circuits.
- Protective Earth Terminals: Connect the ground connection to the internal circuit ground.
- DPS (Surge Protection Device): Diverts dangerous voltage surges to the earth via the protective conductor.
Power Supply Circuits
Electricity is distributed through various circuits that power appliances. These circuits originate from each PIA and are made of insulated copper conductors. Regulations specify the maximum current and insulation type for each section. Phase conductors can be brown, black, or grey. The neutral conductor is blue, and the protective earth conductor is green and yellow.
Control Devices
These devices govern the installation’s operation. Examples include push buttons, switches, crossover switches, and potentiometers.
Connection Devices
These include socket bases, lamp holders, plugs, and terminal strips.
Pipes
: protect drivers shock, humidity, dust … SPLICE and referral, there are boxes of fixation devices command. The circuit grounded. Does are run to protect the people of indirect contacts am the power, does referring to the earth leakage current occur to the masses through the metal conductor protection (green-yellow) going from the ground equipment to the general ground of the building. sinks. Are all electrical appliances or intended to increase the comfort in private. These devices have come identified with a label for energy efficiency. Low power consumption average consumption C, D and 100-110% 90-100% E, high consumption 110 F and -125%> 125% G. The received light. Power Factor: is fixed, power contratado. Car count: it is fixed. Billing Energy: depending on consumption. Taxes and fees: varies according to consumption as well. Use, conservaciño and safety of electrical installations. All systems must have proper devices to the characteristics of the installation. Check regularly that does differential switch. Plug appliances with grounded plug only basis. Do not connect appliances with stingers or manrea common thieves. The connections between wires must be inside the boxes. Do not ever play with electrical appliances or wires wet hands or wet soil. If there are children in the house. placed in plastic plugs sockets.