Understanding Human Needs: Maslow’s Theory and Factors Influencing Dependency

Posted on Aug 5, 2024 in Physical Education

Physical and Psychosocial Needs

Need: A requirement that every person must meet to maintain their life, health, and well-being.

Biological Needs

Needs that affect the structure of the person, allowing them to live and develop through different life stages (childhood, adolescence, adulthood, and old age).

Psychic Needs

Needs related to psychic and emotional functions.

Social Needs

Needs that affect the relationships an individual has with others, i.e., social network.

Thus, a person must satisfy their needs in all three areas to maintain life, health, and well-being.

Maslow’s Theory of Needs

Maslow’s five-point scale of needs includes:

  • Physiological needs
  • Safety needs
  • Needs of belonging, affection, and love
  • Esteem needs
  • Self-actualization needs

Needs Movements

  • Physiological: Pure air, food, etc.
  • Security: Quietness and rest at home
  • Social: Affection, love, and relationships with society
  • Self-esteem: Respect, appreciation, and dignity
  • Self-realization: Personal satisfaction, peace with oneself

Differences between V. Henderson and M. Gordon

  • V. Henderson: Physical and physiological
  • M. Gordon: Psychological and social

Changing Needs

Human development aims to improve the quality of life and dignity of the individual in society. This dignity is achieved by satisfying their needs, which vary and evolve throughout our lives.

Permanent Factors

Factors that influence needs include:

  • Age
  • Level of intelligence
  • Physical ability
  • Environment

For example, a teenager has very different needs than an adult female or elderly person.

Pathological Conditions

Diseases, convalescence, pain, etc., can lead to a loss of autonomy and increased requirements.

Capacity, Dependence, Autonomy, and Independence

Capacity

The ability or competence that a person has to develop certain activities and behaviors in their normal life and function in their social environment.

Independence

The ability of a person to carry out activities of daily living (ADL) on their own and without assistance.

Autonomy

Refers to everything that the person wants to do.

Dependency

The state in which people find themselves due to a loss of autonomy, psychic or intellectual, and need major assistance or aid with activities of daily living.

ADL and IADL

ADL (Activities of Daily Living) enable people to cope autonomously in their daily life without depending on others. Depending on the degree of autonomy required, two categories are established: ABVD and IADL.

  • ABVD (Basic Activities of Daily Living): Essential for life, including self-care activities (food, clothing, hygiene, continence, displacement, etc.)
  • IADL (Instrumental Activities of Daily Living): Require a higher level of autonomy, including reading and writing, taking medication, managing money, using public transport, cooking, talking on the phone, etc.

The 4 Pillars of the State of Well-being and Leisure

  1. Education: Compulsory from age 6 to 16 years and free (LOGSE) 1990
  2. Health: Law of Health 1986
  3. Pensions: Widow’s pension, unemployment, orphanage. (Non-contributory pensions 1991)
  4. Dependence and Autonomy Act 39/2006

1. Maintenance of Services

  • Services for personal empowerment
  • Services of attention and care
  • Care Services Day Center and Night

2. Economic Benefits

  • Cash allowance linked to the recruitment of service where services that require the beneficiary are not available in the tender offer
  • Economic compensation for care in the family
  • Maintenance of personal assistance to people with high dependency under sixty-five years.

Prevention of Dependency

Dependency can be prevented through:

  • Primary prevention: Promotion and health protection (vaccines), often based on promoting lifestyle changes in the general population.
  • Secondary prevention: Ensuring early diagnosis and treatment to delay disease progression and prevent disability.
  • Tertiary prevention: Preventing the development and appearance of complications of the disease.

Grades and Rates of Dependency

  • Grade 1 (Moderate): When the person needs help to perform various basic activities of daily living at least once a day.
  • Grade 2 (Severe): When the person needs help to perform various basic activities of daily living two or three times a day, but does not require the permanent presence of a caregiver.
  • Grade 3 (Great Unit): When the person needs help to perform various basic activities of daily living several times a day and has a total loss of mental or physical autonomy, requiring the indispensable and continuous presence of another person.

Direct Care of Dependents

The provision of aid or assistance in the various areas that a dependent person needs to perform activities of daily living. The professional who performs this function is the direct action professional.

The Work of Direct Care Professionals

  • Promote the autonomy of the person served and their families to continue living in their usual environment.
  • Promote the development or maintenance of personal skills of the recipients.
  • Promote the full integration of people and their families in the community
  • Support families in caring for those members who have limited personal autonomy.

Proceedings of Training: Care of the Person

  • Feeding and diet control
  • Cleanliness and personal hygiene
  • Dressing and undressing
  • Getting up, sleeping, and physical exercises
  • Recovery and postural changes
  • Placement of prostheses, treatment, and follow-up medical visits
  • Going out on the street, using transportation, shopping, and steps

Home Care

  • Purchase, preparation, and storage of food
  • Purchase, washing, ironing, and clothes care
  • Housecleaning and acquisition of equipment and materials for this
  • Use of technical aids and suitability of the home to the needs of people
  • General housing maintenance

Family Support

:

** Information and orientation

** Training in habits of coexistence and conflict resolution techniques

** Training on healthy living habits

** Management Planning and domestic organization.

** Compliance with legal and community obligations.

The dependence can occur at any time of life, from birth, following an accident or illness and more frequent with age.

** THE ELDERLY

** PERSONS DISPACACIDAD

SICK PEOPLE **

** FOR PEOPLE WITH SERIOUS MENTAL ILLNESS.