Understanding Human Needs: Physiological and Psychological
Understanding Human Needs
Needs are a primary and indispensable condition for life, development, and welfare.
Psychological Needs
Psychological needs are innate organic needs that a person inherits.
Acquired Psychological Needs
Acquired psychological needs within each individual reflect their life experience.
Sequence Model: Need-Drive
- Edo. satiation
- Developing physiological deprivation
- Prolonged deprivation causes physiological need
- Need arises and intensifies drive
- Occurrence of behavior motivation to satisfy the drive
- Occurrence of consummatory behavior
- Instinct reduced
Steps: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
Physiological Need
A physiological need describes a poor biological condition.
Instinct
Instinct is a continuing manifestation of underlying biological necessity.
Homeostasis
Homeostasis is the term that describes the body’s tendency to maintain a proper state.
Negative Feedback System
A negative feedback system refers to the physiological disruption of homeostasis.
Intrinsic Mechanisms
Intrinsic mechanisms include all biological systems that act.
Extrinsic Mechanisms
Extrinsic mechanisms are the influences of cognitive, environmental, social, and cultural rights.
Pain
Pain is caused by damaged tissue.
Physiological Regulation of Pain
The peripheral nervous system has an extensive network of nerve endings, activating pain fibers A and C. Endorphins inhibit pain and are produced in the brain by the hypothalamus and pituitary gland and released during times of stress and injury.
Environmental Influences on Pain
Each person feels pain in different ways, influenced by their experience, culture, and so on.
Thirst
Our body is composed largely of water, about 75%. When the water volume decreases approximately 2%, we start to feel thirsty. If water loss is below the homeostatic level, it is the physiological need of thirst.
Motivation and Thirst
Motivation is a state of constantly preparing the body to overcome water deficits.
Water Distribution
Water is found in intracellular and extracellular fluids.
Intracellular Fluid
All the water inside the cells.
Extracellular Fluid
All the water that is outside of the cells. It exists in the blood plasma and interstitial fluid. Thirst arises from these two forms mentioned above.
Activating Thirst
Activating thirst is the time it takes an organism, through environmental or biological causes, to activate the physiological need of thirst.
Satiety of Thirst
The negative feedback system is important to avoid food poisoning from drinking too much water, which could lead to cell dysfunction and death.
Liver and Hypothalamus
The hypothalamus operates the liver involuntarily and also creates the psychological state that consents to feeling thirsty, which directs attention and conduct courses of action to recover water. In the hypothalamus, it is monitored and consents to make the psychological experience of thirst.
Environmental Influences on Thirst
The preparation of water availability, adherence to patterns of digestion of liquids, and taste are three extrinsic behaviors that influence drinking behavior. When factors such as sweetness offer a greater incentive for humans to drink, they drink heavily and often consume dangerously large quantities, from a biological standpoint. People often drink and want only for its taste.
Hunger
Hunger might involve cyclic loss and recovery of food.
Hunger only partially follows a pattern of “exhaustion” recovery.
Physiological Regulation of Hunger
There are 2 types of models:
- Short term: Starvation is a response to decreasing amounts of energies and ends for energy recovery. This is called the “Glycostatic Hypothesis.”
- Long term: Stored energy (fat mass) is available and used to supplement the regulation of energy. This is called the “Lipostatic Model.”
Glycostatic Hypothesis
The glycostatic hypothesis is the lack of sugar in the body, hence we get hungry.
Lipostatic Hypothesis
While the body is bigger, it needs more fat. It is the existence of fat in the body.
Environmental Influences on Hunger
This is the impact of the environment. It gives us the impulse to feel hungry, either in groups or alone. For example, commercials that show beer make us fancy it.
Location Restricted Liberation
This is how, when we fancy a pizza and eat it, we do not feel full because the craving is not satisfied by eating the pizza (example).