Understanding Key Concepts: Reality, Illusionism, and Society

Key Concepts in Philosophy and Social Science

Reality

In philosophy, reality is a concept that designates the common features of what exists. It is studied by metaphysics. The primary object of metaphysics is what makes something ‘is’ as such. It is the study of beings, before the analysis of entities or existing real beings.

Illusionism

Illusionism refers to a reality that stems from a false perception of the outside world. It is linked to a mistaken appearance that does not correspond to reality.

The Outside World

The outside world encompasses all physical facts not dependent on people and are external to them. It is the object of perception and action.

Philosophy

According to Aristotle, philosophy is the highest form of knowledge. It is concerned with knowledge of the first causes and principles of particular beings and all that exists.

Metaphysical Music

Metaphysical music refers to the more abstract and general branch of philosophy that deals with the study of the features of reality. It raises issues that are beyond the immediate data of experience and knowledge.

Media

Media is a set of elements that can serve a specific end.

End

An end is that which directs a process to be finished or completed.

Meaning

Meaning encompasses any object or action by which we convey our understanding of reality. An art object’s meaning, moreover, beautifully.

Salary

Salary is the remuneration received by a worker in a market economy system and is the price of their workforce.

Proletariat

The proletariat is the social class whose members, as producers, do not own the means of production and sell their labor power for wages.

Marxist Materialism

Marxist materialism is a theory of history according to which the material conditions of existence, economic events, play a role in historical, political, religious, social, and cultural events.

Human Capital

Human capital refers to the intellectual and practical training provided to a worker in order to improve productivity at work.

Bureaucratization

Bureaucratization is the reduction of the state over its technical and administrative function. When that occurs in extreme ways, politics is diluted, and state control and submission increase. The identity of the citizen is reduced to a number.

Risk Society

Risk society is a concept that designates the company arising from the application of production technology and risk collapse.

Social Group

A social group is an unknown number of people interacting with each other and have a lasting degree of interdependence, shared awareness, and integration rules.

Socialization

Socialization is the process of learning the norms, values, and customs of a particular social group which incorporates conduct and allows the individual’s social interaction with others.

Public Space

Public space is the place where the citizen plays their activity limited by the rules set by the state and bureaucracy. It is the space of common interest. According to Habermas, this space is the appropriate forum for communicative interaction of citizens in the search for a consensus view to solve the problems of society.

Natural Law

Natural law is the law of divine origin, because God is the creator of nature, universal, clear, and immutable, which serves as a model for positive law.

Positive Law

Positive law is a written standard emerged from the legitimate authority responsible for regulating human behavior in areas of peaceful coexistence. It is the law that makes the man, the legislator.

Social Equality

Social equality means formal equality before the law and lack of privileges to individuals or social groups.

Political Science

Political science is a social science discipline that studies policy issues systematically. Traditionally, it looked after analyzing the state and its institutions, but later focused on studying the power relations that exist between different social groups.

Politics

According to a definition that relates to political power, politics is the process of using the power within a given community to achieve objectives that are considered valid for the community.