Understanding Key Political and Economic Ideologies
Key Political and Economic Ideologies Explained
Here’s a breakdown of important political and economic ideologies:
History
History is the science that aims to study the past of humanity itself and serves as a method of social science. Contemporary Age is the historical period between the French Revolution and the present (1789 to present).
Geographic Area
A geographic area is a social product, a synthesis of the action of human groups on their environment for their necessary maintenance and reproduction under given historical conditions.
Capitalism
Capitalism is an economic doctrine based on the idea that private ownership of production factors, coupled with a free market system and price mechanisms, is the most efficient way to achieve the optimal allocation of resources in an economy.
Socialism
Socialism is a socio-economic system based on democratic ownership or possession of production systems and administrative control by the producers or directors of economic activities (workers), and the democratic control of civilian political structures by citizens.
21st Century Socialism
The model of 21st-century socialism draws inspiration from democratic socialism in Marxist philosophy and Marxist economics. It is based on four axes: regional democratic development, the economy of equivalence, participatory democracy, and grassroots organizations. It is rooted in Karl Marx’s vision of social dynamics and class struggle.
Democracy
Democracy is a political doctrine promoting people’s participation in government.
Dictatorship
Dictatorship is a form of government in which power is concentrated around a single individual (the dictator), usually through the consolidation of a de facto government. It is characterized by an absence of separation of powers, a propensity to exercise arbitrary control for the benefit of the supporting minority, the absence of consent by the governed, and the impossibility of opposition coming to power through an institutionalized procedure.
Nazism
Nazism, a contraction of National Socialism, is a doctrine founded by Hitler advocating an expansionist nationalism based on the supremacy of the Germanic race and a fundamentally anti-Semitic pseudo-scientific racism.
Racism
Racism is a violation of human rights involving discrimination against people because of their ethnic or racial background.
Marxism
Marxism is the set of political and philosophical doctrines derived from the work of Karl Marx. It forms the theoretical basis of socialism and communism, emphasizing economic and social equality of citizens.
Positivism
Positivism is a philosophical school stating that the only authentic knowledge is scientific knowledge, excluding theological or metaphysical considerations.
Antisemitism
Antisemitism refers to prejudice or outright hostility toward Jews as a generalized group. It often combines religious prejudice with racial, cultural, and ethnic biases.
Feudalism
Feudalism refers to the social, political, and economic system based on the feud that dominated Western Europe between the ninth and fifteenth centuries.
Imperialism
Imperialism is a doctrine or policy aimed at expanding a state’s territory, culture, or economy at the expense of other, generally less developed, states.
Apartheid
Apartheid was the original system of South Africa, designed to prevent Black people from having rights in their own country. Some argue that a new order applies it democratically against the world’s poor, regardless of their color.
Ideology
Ideology is a doctrine based on a set of fundamental ideas that characterize the thought of a person or community.
Absolutism
Absolutism is a form of government in which power rests with one person, who is not accountable to parliament or the people.
Fascism
Fascism is an ideology and authoritarian political movement that considers the individual subordinate to the interests of the state or society as a whole.
Populism
Populism is a political term used to describe heterogeneous movements characterized by a dislike of discursive or actual economic and intellectual elites, a rejection of traditional parties, claims of political corruption by the elite classes, and a constant appeal to “the people” as a source of power.