Understanding Machinery: Schematics, Diagrams, and Maintenance
Rules for the Implementation of Sketches
Sketches must be in the format that is especially designed for this purpose and must include all the information requested in the heading.
- Sketches should initially be made in pencil to easily remove, change, and correct any errors.
- The presentation will be unilinear, in one view.
- It should not be made to scale, but keep a certain proportion of its parts.
- It is not essential to use rulers, although sometimes they may also be used, as well as templates, to standardize the size of the symbols in the sketch.
- For the representation of the elements, use symbols approved for each type of sketch.
- When a machine consists of several mechanisms, each of them must be produced in a different sketch.
- A “set” means a piece or an assemblage of parts that, according to maintenance practices, should be changed as if it were a single part.
Steps in the Elaboration of a Sketch
- Find and obtain the technical information related to the equipment.
- Identify the various mechanisms and elements.
- Know and understand the mechanism in detail.
- Draw an outline or draft sketch on-site.
- Develop a proof sketch on the desktop to sort and classify the accumulated information.
- Check on-site that the proof sketch contains complete information.
- If there are errors or unclear areas, see the construction plans of the machine and complete the proof sketch.
- Transfer the expanded sketch information to the appropriate format.
- After a reasonable time, use and ensure that it is correct and complete. In its final form, it will be drawn by a cartoonist.
Mechanism Diagrams
The mechanism diagram is a document of the maintenance system that displays and identifies, in a simple way, the main elements that form the mechanism and circuitry of a machine.
The elements in a diagram are those that, at some point, will be addressed by maintenance through changes, repairs, adjustments, calibrations, etc.
These elements include shafts, bearings, couplings, etc. The implementation of a mechanism diagram is to represent schematically the organs of the machine involved in the mechanical transmission of power.
Location Diagrams
It contains the main elements that make up the chosen equipment, indicating the part where it is located. This will help us understand and locate the place where the different important parts and electronic circuits of the computer are.
There are three different types of location diagrams, depending on the characteristics of the equipment:
- Equipment and separate, fixed controls (racks).
- Equipment and controls together and mobile (crane).
- Equipment and controls together and fixed (winch).
Power Circuit Diagrams
Power electronic circuits show the existence and relationship of the key elements, no matter if in reality they are in different locations. The minor or auxiliary control devices, such as limit switches, etc., would not be identified in this diagram.
This will give an overview of the functioning of the machine.
Control Circuit Diagrams
Display control boxes and local control pulpits with external elements such as light bulbs, buttons, etc., drawn in the same order as found on the surface of the desk. The purpose of this is to serve as an indicative of the item they wish to change or intervene, according to the work order (OT). The diagram must always follow the OT.
Cabinet and Control Supply Diagrams
It shows and identifies the electrical components that make up the cabinet and will be inspected routinely. The element will generally be represented as a block. The location of the blocks in the sketch must be the same as they physically have in the cabinet.