Understanding Reality and Truth: A Philosophical Perspective
Notion of Reality
The notion of reality: all that exists, as manifested, appears as multiple and changing, so certain and definite.
- Naive realism is to believe things exist, that they are independent of language and ideas, that, of course, we are an objective reality, i.e., that things are as they are. Traditional science does not recognize that the reality it treats is determined by the conceptual apparatus or by the measure.
Critique of Naive Realism
Realizing naive realism: it is discovered that things are not what they are, whether through the intervention of language, meaning through their semantic components. Following this, we say things cannot be what they are independently of ideas, enough to drive a falsehood, the confusion between truth and reality.
For something to have a real being, it must meet two conditions:
- There’s something; it must be something. If there is nothing, there are no things.
- That something is what is determined by meaningful words, or ideas (semantemes).
These two conditions are incompatible and impossible to unite because there are points to that regardless of language or words. This contradictory double condition is constitutive of the reality of each one of the things or beings. It is also a double condition that is needed for reality as a whole, which is conceived as a whole.
The Confusion Between Truth and Reality
- Being is confused with the real truth.
- Truth is confused with formal logic or empirical truth.
The confusion of truth with reality is this: what counts as true is real. Reality is identified with the truth. This confusion is grounded in a belief, the belief that things exist, i.e., that they are independent of the mind, of denomination, and quantification. This mind-independent reality of language is often called the objective reality, and this is considered true in opposition to a false reality. This confusion shows in one sentence: “Things are what they are, or are as they are.” That sentence contains naive realism; it is tied to the confusion of truth and reality. This expression is certifying the fact and justifying it as true. The confusion of truth with reality brings that truth makes her determined, and it becomes the established truth. At the time, the truth will be holding this particular reflection because faith will be made larger. Actually, we use the term when we refer to all that exists, but when we use the truth, we refer to statements or predications we make about things.
Empirical Science and Formal Science
- Statements of empirical science refer to things, events, or phenomena, so they are the empirical sciences that refer to a part of reality and deal with a particular set of facts. Truth will understand a relationship of fitness, empirical correlation, and correspondence between what we say about reality and what the thing itself is. This truth is established when there is no evidence. Even though this notion of empirical truth is associated with naive realism, truth is not confused with reality.
- Formal sciences are organized into systems or joint statements that try not facts, phenomena, or realities, but purely ideal entities that do not exist, such as mathematics and geometry. This science belongs to the concept of formal truth or logical truth. A true statement is a statement that formally refers not to things, events, or real phenomena, but to perfect parallel entities, numbers, or symbols of geometric statements.
Metalinguistics
We use language to talk about things and beings, but we also use language to talk about words. Metalanguage is the use of language when it refers to linguistic elements.
Dialectical Conception (A-letheia)
A-letheia: This notion is to say that it is the discovery of the falsity of reality, the incompatibility of reality with the truth.
Empirical Truth
It is a relation of fit between what we say of a phenomenon, thing, or reality and what the thing itself is. This truth is not established until there is experimental verification. This empirical notion drags naive realism, but still, it is not really truly confusing because when we talk about ‘reality,’ we mean things, and when we talk about a relationship between reality, it is mentioned.
Formal Truth
When we refer to a formal statement, it is a true statement that does not refer to real things but to purely ideal entities such as geometric figures.
A true statement is a relation of coherence between statements or formulations, such a sentence that follows from another or others. Thus, it is a connection between formulations and statements, as the concept of formal truth corresponds to valid reasoning (Aristotle, a = b, b = c —- a = c).