Understanding Soft Tissue Manipulation Techniques
12 Soft Tissue Manipulation Techniques
Definition: Massage is referred to as an art that involves skills of manipulation which enhance the application of techniques at various depths and speeds.
Self Preparation
- Attention to personal appearance, hygiene, and manicure is important.
- Wear appropriate clothing that allows for freedom of movement.
- Long hair must be restrained.
- Remove wrist watches and rings.
- Dangling necklaces should be removed while performing manipulation.
- Wash your hands before and after treatment.
Relaxation
The natural resting position of the hands is with fingers slightly apart at each side. This position allows for gentle and very light contact during massage manipulations. You should stand in a relaxed position, transferring weight forward and backward.
The Environment
The treatment area should be well heated and ventilated. The treatment table should be of adjustable height with a covering cotton sheet. There should be standard-sized, washable blankets, sheets, and pillowcases available.
Contact Materials
- Powder: Talcum powder, non-perfumed.
- Water-based lubricants: Such as creams.
Preparation of the Patient
Ask the patient to undress so that the area to be treated is uncovered. Use a cloth from the groin to the neck and from the neck to the fingertips. For the back, the cloth can remain on the buttocks.
Examination of the Part
Look at the skin state for dryness, oiliness, witness, hairiness, bruises, abrasions, and lacerations.
Types of Manipulation
- Circular Friction: Formed with gradually increasing depth.
- Percussive Manipulation: Involves soft blows with the palm of the hand.
- Vibrations: May be performed with the whole hand or fingertips.
- Petrissage Manipulation: Involves compressing soft tissues against underlying bone or against themselves.
- Kneading Techniques:
- Whole hand kneading
- Palm kneading
- Flat finger kneading
- Finger tip kneading
- Thumb pad kneading
- Superimposed kneading
- Elbow clenching
- Heel of hand kneading
- Picking Up: Tissues are compressed, lifted, and then squeezed.
- Wringing: Tissues are lifted and squeezed with alternating hand pressure.
Contraindications
Massage is contraindicated in the following circumstances:
- Infection or inflammation of the skin.
- Presence of malignant tumors.
- Recent bruising or fractures.
- Inflamed joints or other tissues.
- Profuse candidiasis.
Effects of Massage
Mechanical Effects
The concept of passing hands over the body helps remove dead cells and allows sweat glands to function better. The effects of manipulation can help in promoting healing of new skin tissue and assist in the removal of sputum towards the upper respiratory passage.
Physiological Effects
The area where color changes occur during massage is due to effects on blood circulation. Massage helps in the drainage of venous blood and can contribute to pain control and its perception. It promotes relaxation of muscles, relieving fatigue and tension.