United Kingdom: Key Facts About the UK

United Kingdom: Key Facts

Countries: England, Wales, Scotland, Ireland

Patron Saints: George (England), David (Wales), Andrew (Scotland), Patrick (Ireland)

National Emblems: Rose (England), Leek (Wales), Thistle (Scotland), Shamrock (Ireland)


Ancient Names: Caledonia (Scotland), Cambria (Wales), Hibernia (Ireland)


Largest Lakes

  • Northern Ireland: Lough Neagh, 382km²
  • Scotland: Loch Lomond, 71km²
  • England: Windermere, 15km²
  • Wales: Bala Lake, 4.8km²
  • Deepest: Loch Morar, Scotland, 309m


Longest Rivers

  • England: The Thames, 346km
  • Scotland: The Tay, 188km
  • Northern Ireland: The Bann, 122km
  • Wales: The Tywi, 103km
  • Whole UK: River Severn, 354km (England & Wales)


Highest Mountains

  • Scotland: Ben Nevis, 1344m
  • Wales: Snowdon, 1085m
  • England: Scafell Pike, 978m
  • Northern Ireland: Slieve Donard, 852m


National Parks

  • Wales: Brecon Beacons, Pembrokeshire Coast, Snowdonia
  • Scotland: Cairngorms, Loch Lomond & The Trossachs
  • England (North): Peak District, Yorkshire Dales, North York Moors, Lake District, Northumberland
  • England (South): The Broads, South Downs, New Forest, Exmoor, Dartmoor


Tees-Exe Line: Lowland/Highland division

Total Area: ~250,000 km²


Population: 67.2 million

Social Classes: Elite, Established Middle Class, Technical Middle Class, New Affluent Workers, Traditional Working Class, Emergent Service Workers, Precariat

Top 5 Industries: Finance, IT, Construction, Oil and Gas, Manufacturing

Financial Hubs: City of London and Canary Wharf


Government: Constitutional Monarchy, Bicameral (2 houses of Parliament)

Constitution: Uncodified, flexible, no judicial review

Sources of Law: Acts of Parliament, Common Law, Conventions, Historical Principles


Government Branches

  • Legislative: Parliament, House of Lords, House of Commons
  • Executive: Prime Minister, The Cabinet, Civil Service
  • Judiciary: Courts


Prime Minister: Boris Johnson

The Cabinet: 20-25 senior ministers

Official Residences: 10 Downing Street


Major Political Parties and Leaders

  • Conservatives: Boris Johnson
  • Labour: Keir Starmer
  • The Scottish National Party: Nicola Sturgeon
  • The Liberal Democrats: Ed Davey
  • The Democratic Unionist Party: Jeffrey Donaldson


Other Parties: Sinn Fein, Plaid Cymru, Mebyon Kernow, The Scottish National Party


Parliamentary Details

  • House of Commons: 650 MPs
  • The Speaker: Sir Lindsay Hoyle
  • The Serjeant at Arms: Ugbana Oyet
  • House of Lords:
    • Lords Spiritual (Archbishops of Canterbury and York + 24 senior bishops)
    • Lords Temporal (90 peers/peeresses with hereditary titles, rest life peers/peeresses)
    • Lord Speaker: John McFall
    • The Black Rod: Sarah Clarke
  • 650 constituencies, The FPTP (First-Past-The-Post) System


Classification of Offences: Summary only, Either-way, Indictable only


Church of England

  • Archbishop of Canterbury: Justin Welby (30 dioceses)
  • Archbishop of York: Stephen Cottrell (12 dioceses)


Governance: House of Bishops, House of Clergy, House of Laity

Main Wings: Evangelical, Anglo-Catholic, Liberal

Affiliations: Anglican Communion

The Church of Scotland: Presbyterian Church

Founder: John Knox – The Scots Confession – 1560


Education System

  • Nursery School: (3-4 years old)
  • Primary School: (5-11 years old) – SATs
  • Secondary School: (11-18 years old) – GCSE and BTEC
  • Tertiary School: (18+ years old) – Bachelor, Master, Doctor


Clarendon Schools: Winchester, Eton, St. Paul’s, Shrewsbury, Westminster, Merchant Taylors’, Rugby, Harrow, Charterhouse


Top Universities

  • Oxbridge (Oxford and Cambridge)
  • Old Scottish Universities (Glasgow, Edinburgh, Aberdeen, St. Andrews)
  • Early 19th Century English Universities (Durham University, University of London)
  • Older Civic (Redbrick) Universities (Leeds, Manchester, Birmingham)
  • Newer Civic Universities (Aston, Salford)
  • Campus Universities (East Anglia, Lancaster, Sussex)