Urban Life and Social Issues: Impact on Daily Living
Urban Development and Its Challenges
7 Key Factors Affecting City Dwellers
- Air pollution
- Local residents
- Parking space
- Public transport
- Quality of life
- Traffic congestion
- Urban development
TV Series Vocabulary:
- Captured
- Released
- Editor
- Broadcast
- Presenter
- Episode
Housing Types
- Cottage: Cabaña
- Terraced: Adosadas
- Passage: Callejón
- Chimney
- Semi-detached: Semi adosado
- Terrace
- Attic
- Bungalow
- Fence: Valla
- Detached: Casa separada/independiente
- Cellar/Basement: Sótano
Common English Verbs and Phrases
- Cut (in filmmaking)
- Promised
- Suspected
- Had no idea
- Agreed
- Asked
- Told
- Came across
- Came true
- Came to
- Came up with
Workplace and Environment
6 Aspects of Urban Settings
- Feature: Característica
- Setting: Escenario
- Structures
- Outskirts: Las afueras
- Terminal (bus)
- Studio
- Venue
- Terrace
- Lobby
- Hiking
Descriptive Words for Places
- Impressive
- Remarkable
- Notable: Extraordinario
- Superb: Excelente
- Astonishing
- Stunning
- Dramatic: Un sitio impresionante
- Exotic
- Unique
- Breathtaking
- Memorable
Changes and Their Impact
- Be lost
- Decline
- Decrease
- Deteriorate/Deterioration
- Die out: Extinguirse
- Disappear/Disappearance
- Increase, Increased (N)
Actions and Reactions
1. Increase, Preserve, Revive, Competition, Survive
- Burn out: Estar quemado de/por algo
- Pass out: Desmayarse
- Work out: Calcular
- Fall out: Enfadarse
- Run out: Agotarse
- Turn out: Resultar
- Stand out: Sobresalir
- Chill out: Relajarse
Work and Effort
4.
- Caused by
- Effect on
- Result in
- Lead to
- As a result of
- Effect
- Cause is
Types of Work
- Rigorous: Cumplida
- Arduous: Trabajo duro o difícil
- Demanding: Exigente (trabajo)
- Exhausting
- Back-breaking
- Grueling: Agotador
- Tricky: Complicado
- Tough
- Stretch: Extender, ampliar, estirarse
- Strict: Estricto
- Punishing: Difícil
- Awkward
- Struggle: Lucha, esforzarse
- Straightforward: Directo, claro
- Challenge
Sports and Achievements
3.
- Outstanding: Sobresaliente, impresionante
- Talented
- Skilled
- Exceptional
- Successful
- Brilliant
- Potential
- Achievement
- Represent
- World record
- Led: Llevar la delantera
- Referee: Árbitro
- Awarded
- Spectators
- Cheer
- Pitch
- Compete/Competition/Competitor/Competitive
- Athletics/Athlete/Athletic
- Victory/Victorious
- Championship/Champion
- Train/Training/Trainer
- Perform/Performance
- Profession/Professional
- Technique
- Opposite
Personality Traits
5.
- Thoughtful/Thoughtless: Considerado/Desconsiderado
- Well-organized/Disorganized
- Unreliable/Reliable: Desconfiable/Confiable
- Responsible/Irresponsible
- Unsympathetic/Sympathetic: Antipático/Empático
- Uncompetitive/Competitive: No competitivo/Competitivo
- Uncritical/Critical: No crítica/Crítica
- Adventurous
- Ambitious
- Cautious: Precavido
- Unrealistic/Realistic
- Sensitive: Sensible
Common Phrases with “As”
- As far as restaurants are concerned: En lo que a restaurantes se refiere
- As a whole: En general
- As far as I’m concerned: En lo que a mí respecta
- As for: Respecto a
- As a matter of fact: De hecho
- As far as I know: Hasta donde yo sé
- As if: Como si
- As follows: Como sigue
Grammar Points
Relative Clauses
Which, that, who, whose, where, when
Causative Have/Get
- Brian will get his bike fixed tomorrow.
- I am getting my TV repaired right now.
- I have had my room cleaned thoroughly.
Past Modals of Deduction
(Must, may, might, could, can’t, couldn’t) + have + past participle
Reported Speech
- Present simple to Past simple: He said that he usually repaired pipes there.
- Present continuous to Past continuous: She told me that she wasn’t planting sunflowers that season.
- Past simple/Present perfect to Past perfect: Had + v3. She said that she had left her husband the day before.
- Can to Could
- Me to Her
- Will to Would
- Tomorrow to Following day
- Must to Had to
- May to Might
Conditionals
- 1st Conditional: If + present simple, will + verb. If I save enough money, I will buy that mansion.
- 2nd Conditional: If + simple past, would + verb. If I saved a lot of money, I would buy that mansion.
- 3rd Conditional: If + had + past perfect, would have + past participle. If I had won the lottery, I would have bought that mansion.
Verb Tenses
- Present perfect: Have/Has + v3
- Present perfect continuous: Have/Has + been + -ing
- Future perfect: Will have + v3
- Future continuous: Will be + -ing
Personal Qualities and Actions
1.
- Respected: Respetada
- Inspiring
- Determined: Decidida
- Motivated
- Stubborn: Terco
- Ambitious
- Sensitive: Sensible
- Sensible: Sensato
- Passionate
- Arrogant
- Optimistic
- Self-confident
- Pessimistic
- Loyal
- Naive: Inocente
- Give up
- Have a go at: Intentar
- Keep it up: Mantener el nivel
- Keep to: Mantener, seguir firme a algo
- Make an effort: Hacer un esfuerzo
- Manage to: Arreglárselas, conseguir
- Drop out: Darse de baja
- Try out: Probar, intentar
- Work out: Resolver, cuestionar, solucionar
Interactions and Reactions
2.
- Respected
- Get away: Escapar, fugarse, hacer una escapada
- Get to: Ponerse a hacer algo
- Couldn’t get over: No superar
- Got into trouble
- Get hold of: Agarrar
- Got swept away: Arrastrado
- Wasn’t getting anywhere
- Got the feeling
- Get someone’s attention
- Got over: Superar
- Get through: Atravesar
- Get anywhere
- Get on my nerves
- Get rid
- Get involved
- Get straight to the point
- Get down/Getting me down: Desanimar
Nature and Environment
- Species
- Creature
- Environment
- Habitat/Natural habitat
- Protected
- Endangered
- Rare
- At risk
- Hunt
- Survive
- Extinct
- Kill
- Determined: Decidida
- Motivated: Entusiasmado
- Stubborn: Terco
Finance and Economics
- Debt: Deuda
- Interest rate
- Budget
- Savings
- Pay off: Terminar de pagar
- Investment: Inversión
- Income: Sueldo
- Donations
- Make a living: Ganarse la vida
- Put aside/Savings: Ahorrar, poner a un lado el dinero
- Award: Ganarse algo
- Grant: Beca
- Charity: Organización benéfica
- Debit/Account: Cuenta bancaria
- Finance/Project: Proyecto de finanzas
Crimes
- Cheat: Engañar
- Kidnap: Secuestro
- Thief: Robo a una persona
- Burglary: Robo de casa
- Shoplift: Robo en tienda
- Bribery: Chantaje
- Lying