Urban Pollution, Leisure Activities, and Grammar Essentials
The Problem of Pollution in Big Cities
Nowadays, there is a lot of pollution in big cities because of different reasons. One of the most important reasons is that there are a lot of cars in the streets, so they produce a lot of smoke and gases. Besides, factories also produce smoke, and this is very harmful to the environment.
In my opinion, governments should take measures to stop this pollution because I think that if this pollution doesn’t stop, we will live in a polluted world which will be very harmful for people, animals, and plants.
My Free Time
In my free time, I like listening to music and watching TV. My favorite type of music is pop music, and my favorite TV programs are comedies. In addition, I like going out with my friends at the weekend. We usually have dinner together, and then we go to a pub or disco. In my free time, I also like reading and playing computer games. I love computers! In fact, I love chatting with my friends and surfing the internet.
Verbs and Prepositions
- wait for
- believe in
- think of/think about
- agree with/agree about
- vote for
- shout at
- laugh at
- protest about/protest at
- campaign for
- argue about
- complain about
Vocabulary
- own (belong to)
- to take part (to participate)
- issues (subjects that people talk about)
- taxes (money you pay the government)
- to save (to protect)
- to ban (to not allow)
Verb/Noun Transformations
- argue (argument)
- elect (election)
- agree (agreement)
- demonstrate (demonstration)
- organize (organization)
- suggest (suggestion)
- complain (complaint)
Noun/Person Transformations
- politics (politician)
- analysis (analyst)
- campaign (campaigner)
Noun/Adjective Transformations
- politics (political)
- democracy (democratic)
- economics (economic)
To + Infinitive
Examples:
- want
- ask
- decide
- tell
- expect
- hope
- learn
- need
- offer
- pretend
- promise
- refuse
- would like
- would love
- would hate
- would prefer
- allow
- choose
- help
- invite
- remind
Gerunds (Verb + ING)
Examples:
- deny
- avoid
- can’t help
- look forward to
- enjoy
- finish
- mind
- miss
- practise
- feel like
- suggest
- keep (on)
- can’t stand
- be used to
Verbs Followed by Either ING or TO + Infinitive
- begin
- start
- continue
- love
- hate
- prefer
Gerunds at the Beginning of a Sentence
(ING) always at the beginning of the sentence.
Verbs Without TO or ING
The verb:
- let
- make
Verbs Followed by ING or TO with Different Meanings
- stop
- forget
- remember
- regret
Grammar Exercises
- I don’t agree with this government.
- The students laughed at the politician.
- I don’t like him, so I’m not going to organize his…
- There was a crowd of demonstrators outside the factory campaigning for better…
- Two men stood on the corner of the street having an argument about politics.
- A lot of people don’t believe in the…
Future Tense Exercises
- At 10:30 she will be meeting journalist.
- By lunchtime, Susan will be…
- I will have finished in…
- I can’t stay… I’m meeting…
- In my opinion… United will win…
- I’ve bought my ticket. I’m going to go to Australia.
- If he passes his driving test, he will be driving.