Victimology: Concepts, Types, and Factors
Victimology: An Overview
Victimology is a relatively young field of study within criminology. It examines different approaches and models to understand the concept of a victim. Several key perspectives within victimology include:
Conservative Victimology
This perspective emphasizes the law as a reflection of community wishes and expectations. The primary concern is determining guilt or innocence, with the victim’s role often secondary.
Liberal Victimology
Here, the legal system acts as a neutral arbiter. The focus shifts to the response to crime, and how labeling can impact individuals.
Socialist Victimology
This perspective views the law as protecting the powerful. It advocates for changes in social structures to prevent victimization and uphold human rights.
Defining the Victim
A victim can be defined in various ways, including:
- A person who voluntarily sacrifices.
- Someone who suffers due to another’s actions.
- Someone who suffers due to their own shortcomings.
- Someone who suffers accidental harm.
Defining the Perpetrator
A perpetrator is someone who inflicts harm or suffering upon a victim.
Mendelsohn’s Roads and Options
Becoming Criminal
Victim of Self (Deficiency, Inclination, Psychic Drive, or Unconscious Decision)
Victim of Antisocial Behavior
Individual or Collective Victim
Victim of Technology
Victim of Uncontrolled Energy (Natural)
.
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN VICTIMS AND CRIME
CRIME:
This would be the set of behaviors and antisocial subjects presented in a time and place.
VICTIMS:
Total victimizations would be available within a limit time and space. We should note that the term victim is wider than the concept crime committed because the criminal always antisocial behavior but can be a victim not only of antisocial behavior but also can fall victim to natural disasters, and behavioral self socially accepted.
DEFINE VICTIMS AND VICTIMIZATION
It is “the totality of the socio-bio-psychological, common to all victims in general, that the society wants to prevent and combat, no matter what its determinants (criminals or other factors).”
Fattah argues that it is the predisposition of some people to be victims. This means that the set of factors that predispose a person or group to be victims is the victim.
VICTIMIZATION
The result of antisocial behavior against any group or person by which one becomes a victim, for Nieves is the mechanism by which a person is to become a taxpayer Berllagio offense and argues that it is the appropriation and / or abuse of a person for others. This is called criminal victimization, but there is another, called self-victimization that is one that occurs in cases of blameless victim.
Entrapment
Without intervention .* natural humanaDesastres animal attacks, etc. humanaPropiaVoluntaria .* * Social Behavior * Antisocial * * Involuntary AjenaSin crime or crime with crime * No * No felony crime crime and crime crimenCon
3 DIFFERENT WAYS TO CLASSIFY Victimization
1.Victimización primary: it is directed against a person or individual.
2.Victimización Secondary is suffering or specific groups or be a part of the population.
3.Victimización Tertiary is directed against the community at large, ie, against the total population. This victimization is victimization frequently treats supranational
A) Direct: It is one that goes against the victim on whether, in this case is the aggregation that directly falls on the victim’s suffering or
B) Hint: That is how the “direct result of that will fall on the persons connected with those under attack
üConocida: That is captured by the company or to the attention of the authorities
üOculta: It is one that remains in the consciousness of the victim and the offender
Exogenous factors
Those who are outside the individual and therefore can be modified if
Endogenous factors
Those individual’s own implicit in addition to the person generally unaffected by external causes
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN CAUSES AND FACTORS Victimological
Causes .- It is the one that produces the victimization or victim.
Factors .- Provides that an individual is a victim of crime
3 FACTORS SAYS VICTIM
1 – The man as a human being .- conduct and behavior that develops in a group is important since it is known in some ways his actions.
2 .- .- society in places or areas of high crime, change anyone.
3 .- The nature .- Internal or external, these changes are affecting human behavior to others, it affects others and themselves.