Water Systems Engineering: Key Concepts and Applications
Water Systems Engineering: Key Concepts
Pressure and Flow in Pipes
Which of the three deposit outflows lead to less loss of pressure? A pipe transitions with a smooth curve to the vertical parameter of the deposit. From that distance, the delivery point is reached with a pressure drive expressed by H = 2LV / GT (at the beginning of the drive in the check valve pump).
What minimum diameter would you use for a distribution network to a city of 125,000 inhabitants connected to hydrants? 150mm
What critical flow approximate expression is equivalent to pressure drop effects of a pipe fed by one end and non-zero outflow? 0.55ql + Q2
How much is roughly equivalent to a flow pipe route service powered by an outflow end with zero? qL / 1.73
The expression for calculating a pressure drop is:
- Colebrook for high Reynolds
- Poiseuille for low Reynolds
Which of these cases uses the Colebrook formula for calculating the pressure loss in pipes? Reynolds of the order of 105
In laminar flow, pressure loss is: proportional to the flow.
The flow exponent to model a pipeline belonging to a distribution network is 2: For rough turbulent flow.
Channels and Flow Regimes
What happens with vaulted channels very close to total filling?
- They have less capacity than they would with just under draft.
- They work in an unstable manner with the formation of air pockets.
Under what circumstances do you see a ledge by the regime break slow to fast?
- Usually occur smoothly through a critical section without prominence.
- Depend on the conjugate depth, which may stifle development of prominence or not.
A channel has a height above the critical depth and below normal, what’s the problem? A river that is close to a step or abrupt increase in slope.
A channel passes from a very steep slope to an almost horizontal slope, what will be a shift from fast regime to slow system? It will be produced by a hydraulic jump.
When a channel lineup change occurs at the end, what cannot be proportioned? (V2) / r
Which of the following quantities are stored in case of hydraulic jump? Momenta.
In the calculation of hydraulic profiles, what must be borne in mind? The rivers are dependent on rivers downstream and upstream.
Aquifers and Groundwater
The float valves (hydraulic pilot or altitude) are used in the camera key distribution depots to: control the filling and prevent further water from entering when it is no more needed.
An artesian aquifer is an aquifer: confined with little pressure so the equilibrium position of the drill does not exceed the land.
Which of the following conditions are incompatible with the assessment of an aquifer by a steady test? Re-enter the field with constant flow pumped.
By a pumping test in permanent regime, how do you determine the storage coefficient of a free aquifer? It is impossible to determine it by a steady-state test.
A geological formation that contains water, but moves too slowly for direct use: is called an aquitard.
A aquitard allows the movement of water through its pores and cracks? Yes, but so slowly that it is not suitable to place a groundwater catchment.
A geological formation of limestone type, heavily fissured, will be an: Aquifer.
If the well is only available for measurements, one can calculate: The transmissivity to approach by testing on a non-permanent basis.
Flow of water passing through the unit section of the aquifer under a unit hydraulic gradient, also at a given temperature, is defined as: permeability of the aquifer.
Drainage and Hydrology
Projecting a drainage network for a return period of 10 years. What will happen in the 25-year life of a trading estate? There is a greater than 90% probability of an avenue occurring than those considered in the project, and consequently, the drainage is inadequate at some point in life.
Is the hydrometeorological method applicable to a watershed like the Guadalquivir River? No, because the basin has a time of concentration greater than 6 hours.
To a basin with very shallow rock or clay, what runoff threshold seems more appropriate? 10mm
Hydrometeorological method is applicable to watersheds having a time of concentration: up to six hours.
In a drainage network with low risk of obstruction and low flow (<9 l/s), what diameter would you choose? 315 mm
In a work with potential catastrophic damage, what minimum return period is recommended to adopt? 500 years.
The time of concentration can be defined as: The need for the basin to drain every drop that falls in a moment.
The runoff coefficient is defined as: The proportion of the superficial component of the precipitation.
Irrigation Systems
A head irrigation is: all factors that can filter, measure, and treat the water.
Which of the following devices is considered a high throughput emitter? Microsprinklers.
Which of the following droppers is most appropriate to solve the seals problem? Vortex.
In a drip irrigation system with sloped sides: The tertiary should approach the end of the upstream side.
What is a filter mesh placed on the head of irrigation? To retain the impurities from fertilizers or those that escape the sand filter.
What can you say about an emitter discharge exponent x less than 0.4? That the flow is less dependent on the operating pressure, as it is self-compensating.
The dropper vortex: is very sensitive to the seals and somewhat self-compensating thanks to some of the pressure being converted into kinetic energy rotation.
Which of the following devices is considered a high flow emitter? Microsprinklers and dissemination.
On a network of drip irrigation with sloping sides: The tertiary should approach the end of the upstream side.
How does it affect irrigation uniformity coefficient for the total needs of water? A higher coefficient of uniformity means lower total water needs.
Water Hammer and System Protection
In case of power failure in a pump, the closing time: increases with the length of the drive.
Which of the following side offers a high loss coefficient of around 0.42?
– An abrupt contraction-A curve with 45 degrees of diversion How much is roughly equivalent to a flow pipe route service powered by an outflow end with zero? – qL / 1.73 The expression for calculating a pressure drop is … – Colebrook for high-Poiseuille for Reynolds Reynolds under what circumstances you see a ledge by the regime break slow to fast? – usually occur smoothly through a critical section without prominence .- depend on the conjugate depth is such that stifle development of prominence or not. The float valves, hydraulic pilot or altitude, are used in the camera key distribution depots to … – control the filling and prevent further water entering when it is no more an artesian aquifer is an aquifer … – confined with little pressure so the equilibrium position, the drill does not exceed the land which of the following agents dissolved in water environment naturally, do not pollute … – The CO2 mg oxygen required to completely oxidize all organic matter contained in a liter of certain water, define: chemical oxygen demand Projecting a drainage network for a return period of 10 years What will happen in the 25 year life of a trading estate – there is a greater than 90% probability of occurring an avenue than those considered in the project and consequently the drainage is inadequate at some point in life Which of the following conditions are incompatible with the assessment of an aquifer by a steady test … – re-enter the field constant flow pumped “Hydrometeorological method is applicable to a watershed as the river Guadalquivir? – no, because the basin is a time of concentration greater than 6 hours a head irrigation is … – all factors that can filter, measure and treat the water to a basin with very shallow rock or clay that runoff threshold seems more appropriate – 10mm which of the following devices emitting s considered high throughput – microsprinklers Which of the following is most appropriate droppers to solve the seals problem?– Hydrometeorological vortex method is applicable to watersheds having the time of concentration … – up to six hours a geological formation that contains water, but the forward too slowly for direct use … – is called aquitard in a drainage network low risk of obstruction and low flow (
– 315 mm in a work with potential catastrophic damage, what minimum return period is recommended to adopt? – 500 years. In a drip irrigation system with sloped sides … – The tertiary should approach the end of the upstream side. ” Which of the following angles of opening of a duct is most unfavorable from the standpoint of pressure loss? – 180 ยบ Is there a relationship between speed and flexibility of the tube? “- The speed decreased with increasing elasticity of the pipe. The Air drag is a treatment … – Tertiary, allowing ammonia to remove nitrogen A aquitard allows the movement of water through their pores and cracks? – Yes, but so slowly that it is not suitable to place a groundwater catchment. The criterion of Bonnet … distribution network – is centered on the pressure drop Is hydrometeorological method applies to a watershed as the Guadalquivir River – No, because the basin has a higher concentration time at six hours. In a hydraulic driving Cavitation occurs when …. – No vapor pressure than at any point. Which of these cases using the Colebrook formula for calculating the pressure loss in pipes? – Reynolds of the order of 10 ^ 5 The critical length, against water hammer, a pipe is … – (T * C) / 2, where T is the closure time and C the speed. The chimneys are used in balance …. – long drives with little height. Sales and traps placed in a drive … do not serve Dim .- positive wave hammer. The coefficient point of a distribution network … usually between – 1.4 and 2.7 Which of the following properties is not satisfied by the plastics used distribution network? – Greater durability and mechanical strength. Which of the following substances are classified as persistent or bioaccumulative toxic especially? – Mercury. In laminar flow, pressure loss … – are proportional to the flow. what angle are be built gradually widening pipe type? – Between 5 and 10 degrees. What device would use to reduce water hammer in a hydroelectric plant with an almost horizontal section that works by gravity? – A surge tank. A channel has a above the critical depth and below normal, what’s the problem? – A river that is close to a step or abrupt increase in slope. A channel passes a very steep slope to almost horizontal slope what will be a shift fast regime slow system? – It will be produced by a hydraulic jump. When a channel lineup change occurs at the end .. cannot proportion – (V ^ 2) / r By a pumping test in permanent regime, ” how to determine the storage coefficient of an aquifer s free? – It is impossible to determine s by steady state test. The runoff coefficient defined .. – The proportion of the superficial component of the precipitation.What is a filter mesh placed on the head of irrigation? – To retain the impurities from fertilizers, or those that escape the sand filter. What can you say about an issuer discharge exponent x less than 0.4? – That the flow is less dependent on the operating pressure, as it is autocompensante. … The dropper vortex – is very sensitive to the seals and some autocompensante thanks to some of the pressure is converted into kinetic energy rotation. The flow exponent to model a pipeline belonging to a distribution network is 2 …. – For rough turbulent flow. Which of the following quantities are stored in case of hydraulic jump? – Momenta. In the calculation of hydraulic profiles must be borne in mind that … – The rivers are dependent on rivers downstream and upstream. A geological formation of limestone type, heavily fissured, will be a … – Aquifer. If the well is only available for measurements, one can calculate … – The transmissivity to approach by testing on a non-permanent. The time of concentration can be defined as …
– The need for basin drain every drop falls in a moment. These are pollutants of the aquatic environment … – those of external origin negatively affect you. Which of the following equivalent pollutant loads per capita per day is atypical? – 30g of organic nitrogen. flow of water passing through the unit section of the aquifer under a unit hydraulic gradient also, at a given temperature is defined as … – permeability of the aquifer. Which of the following devices is considered high flow emitter? – microsprinklers and dissemination. On a network of drip irrigation with sloping sides … – The tertiary should approach the end of the upstream side. How does it affect irrigation uniformity coefficient for the total needs of water? – A higher coefficient of uniformity lower total water needs. Which of the following substances are specifically listed as toxic, persistent and bioaccumulative? – Mercury and organohalogens.